ARTICLE WRITING

ARTICLE WRITING

   August 13, 2025       RSC

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What is article writing?

Ans: Article writing is a creative writing.It is a kind of spot composition, where the writer must have arrangement of thought & ability to compose systematically. Article writing, in many a case similar to that of essay writing.

Still, both are different in features.

Sample Articles writing topics::

1) Use of Mobile Phone in Daily Life.

2) Terrorism or Menace of Terrorism

3) Global warming

4) Environment Pollution

4)The Menace of Corruption 

5) Games & Sports 

Answer:

1) Use of Mobile Phone in Daily Life 

Answer: A Mobile phone is an electronic device. It is basically used for communication purposes. Through it we send and receive messages. In today's life it is an integral part of everybody's daily routine.

         Today mobile phone is a  source of storage of data.In fact, it's a all in one handy  storage and also a multipurpose device for everyone.Its at the same time, a calculator, calendar, torch light, TV, Tape recorder, Audio player and what not.

           

        Now a days mobile phones are everywhere and with everyone. Wheatehr in office, market place, hospital, shopping mall, everywhere mobile phones are  carried by almost everyone. 

        Howwvwer with the advent of smart phones, mobile phones have now got new meaning. They are not only means of communication, but also source of information and entertainment.

    Mbile phones help us a lot in our daily life. With the internet enabled mobile phone, we can hire a cab, pay various bills, transfer money, click pictures and take videos etc. Overall, mobile phones are much helpful to save our time and money.

     It must be added that mobile phones are not free from demerits. The under age students should not use multi-media mobile phones. Moreover spending much time in mobile phones emit harmful radiations leading to various diseases.

2) Terrorism or the Menace of Terrorism:

   One of the various threats to the life and property in today's life is terrorism.The act of terrorism is committed by some politically exploited or trackless unemployed youths. The ultimate purpose of terrorism is destruction of human lives and property. 

     Terrorism may be classified into two; positive terrorism and negative terrorism. Sometimes positive terrorism is indulged by politically motivated unemployed youths. Such terrorism has certain objectives. On the other hand, negative terrorism is mainly meant for chaos and  disorder in the society.

    

   Before  our country attained independence, there was positive terrorism. For example, the Indian partiots took to extreme ways to root out the british empire from India. But at present, terrorism is social evil in the sence that it has multi-faceted aspects. In many cases, now terror acts are politically motovated in exchange of money. In fact, terror activities have variety of names and works as well from country to country.

   Overall, terrorism is a social menace.It has ruined coumtless families in our country. National and international laws have been implemented to root it out  but hardly succeeded. Hence, we hope that the entire world would get freedom from terrorism.

3) GLOBAL WARMING

    The rise in the temperature of the  earth's surface as a result of green house efffect is called global warming. It is a global crisis today. 

       As far as the causes of global warming are concerned the following points are to be considered:

A. Deforestation and industrial emission results to an increase of greenhouse gases.

B. The greenhouse gases absorbs atmospheric heat and it increases the intensity of the heat.

C.Increase in the radside vehile and emission of carbon monoxide adds fuel to the globlem of global warming.

     Impact of global warming is widespread. To be frank, the planet earth is burning today.Some major effects of global warming are as follows:

       Climate change: the entire climate across the globe has changed to a great extent today. Even prediction or weather updates in advance many a time fails. Flesh flood, landslide, storm or earthquake destroy lives and property n a great dal.

     Sea level rise: melting of ice sheets in Anterctika, mountain glacier melting, grenland ice sheet melting are common phenomena now a days.

     PREVENTION OF GLOBAL WARMING

 The problem of global warming can be controlled more or less with the help of following steps-

     A) Implementation of law: The govt. Of every country should make law and execute them strictly.

    Besides this, the common masses should take all necessary steps for reduction of thermal power, boost up plantation of trees, adopt reuse, recycle and reduce methos.

4) ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION

  Pollution means introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that cause adverse effect or change. However, environment menas our sorroundings.When different pollutants affect the environment than it is called environment pollution.

      However, environment pollution is a serious threat to pollution of today's world. This is growing worldwide problem. It is an oncontrollable menace or terror since human beings themselves are respomsible for degradation of environment. Man has spoilt the planet through their destructive activities. It is true that man made pollutants have already polutd the air that we breath, the soil that we use, the water that we drink or use.These three types of elements are full of pollution toda, which we call soil pollution, water pollution and ari pollution respectively. 

   However, air polluton is caused by various harmful gases or smoke emitted by industies, factories, vehicles etc.

   Similarly, water pollution is mainly caused by industrial wastes, insecticides and presticides applied to the soil and later go to the law areas in the form of water.

     Soil pollution is the result of acid rain, polluted water and verious fertilizers used in the fields for better production.

  Another form of pollution is noise or sound  pollution. It's the result of onroad vehicles, power generators, commercial mikes and religious chants for long time. This form of pollution harm people mentally and psychologically.

   Thus, we may sum up that pollution of any form has made our lives more difficult.

5) GAMES AND SPORTS;

 Games and sports is an integral part of student life. It is important for children and young people in every walks of life. It includes all outdoor and indoor games for both boys and girls.

In the past, particularly in Greece, games and sports was a necessary part of education. Even today, in developed countries games and sports is a compulsory part of school and college curriculum.

There are various types of games and sports. Apart from physical activities like athletics, football, cricket, hocky, volllyball, basketball, tennis, badminton many others are there. Gymnastics, long jump, high jump etc are important.

The importance of games and sports can never be underestimated. First of all, it is a kind of physical exercise. Also it gives us sound body as well as mind in the long  run. Students learn various life skills like facing challenges, management, mutual understanding, decision taking ability etc. It provides the students with sound sleep, positive attitude and knowledge of both victory and defeat. 

Thus games and sports help the young generation to a great extent.

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MEMOIRS OF CHOTA SAHIB

MEMOIRS OF CHOTA SAHIB

   August 13, 2025       RSC

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MEMOIRS OF CHOTA SAHIB     By John Rowntree

About the author: 

  John Rowntree (1906-1975) was the last British senior conservator of forest of Assam. Aftera few days of Independence he left India and returned to England. He was a man of smooth observation who narrated his practical experience about both the banks of the river Brahmaputra.

Introduction to the lesson: 

In this lesson the author has given an account of Guwahati and its neighbouring areas on the eve of Independence.Here, Guwahati has been seen through the eyes of a British forest officer.He has mentioned every detail of the North bank and South Bank of the river.Also he narrated about his bunglow at Kulsi & Rajapara as well.He said about diverse animals and birds.

Textual Question Answer

page--90

1. Briefly describe the scene observed by the author from the varanda of his bunglow on the bank of the Brahmaputra.

Answer- The author John Rowntree lived in a bunglow on the bank of the river Brahmaputra. He used to have a splendid view of the beautiful river and its shipping with the Himalaya.

        The author also had the view of a peacock island with the dome of a Hindu temple. It was visible through the trees. The author observed all these from the varanda of his bunglow.

2. What is the belief about the dividing channel between Peacock Island and the mainland of Guwahati that the author mentions.

Answer-    The belief of the author is that if the dividing channel between the peacock island and the main land of Guwahati ever dried up, it would mean the the end of british raj.

3.What does the author say about the importance of Guwahati ? Is the statement true in our time today also?

Answer-   The author says that Guwahati was the part of entry into Assam. Most of the travellers passed through on their way between calcutta and Shillong or to districts further up the valley. 

         

        Yes, the statement is true. At present Guwahati is called the gateway of Assam and North-East India as well.

Page -- 91

1. What character of the North-bank of the Brahmaputra does the author refer to ?

Answer- The author refers to the North bank of the river Brahmaputra with its unique features. Its own character is that it is vast, remote stretch of flat, ageless land between the sand rocks of the river Brahmaputra and the Himalayan foothills. The author further says that it was a strange place. He observed that the river dried up in the hot weather or suddenly disappeared underground there.

2. What information does the author give us about Manas wild Life sanctuary ?

Answer-   The author gives us information about the Manas Wildlife Sanctuary. He says that it is an area bordering the Himalayan state of Bhutan. There were a few rhinos in the sanctaury.

3. Describe the author's experience  of crossing a flooded river on horseback on the North baknk of the Brahmaputra .

Answer-   The author has narrated his experience of crossing a flooded river. Once he crossed the river on horseback with much  difficulty. He persuaded his mount to plunge into the river, then slipped over his croup and hung on to his tail as a rudder. When he pushed the tail to the right, the horse went to the left and vice versa. At last, somehow he crossed the river.

PAGE---92

1. Relate the author's experience of the road accident during the monsoon on the North- bank.

Answer-- The author had a horrible experience of driving a motor car along a one track road on embankment. It was during monsoon season and on the North bank of the river Brahmaputra.

          One day the author was touring with his family comprising of his wife, baby, ayah and some eqiupments as well. Besides, it had a single track road. Due to rainfall it become greasy. As a result one skid led to the other. The author lost his control over the car and it slithered over the edge into a paddy field about six feet below the road. At last he found his way back after much difficulty.

2. Relate the author's reminescence of the forest bunglow at Kulsi .

Answer--  The author says that the bunglow situated in Kulsi was his favourite place. Here, the bunglow was surrounded by the teak plantation. The trees were planted some sixty years before which looked almost mature then.

UNDERSTANDINT THE TEXT---

1. Give an accout of the author's experiences of the floods on the north bank of the Brahmaputra during the monsoon.

Answer--   There were many small rivers on the banks of the mighty Brahmaputra. These rivers, many a times caused problems during monsoon. Most of these rivers were overflooded during rainy seasons. People had to make bamboo bridges for their convenience.

     However, once the author had to cross such a flooded river with difficulty. He was on horseback. He pursuaded his mount to plunge into the water. The author slipped over his croup and hung on to his tail. He had to use the tail as rudder. When he pushed it to the right, it veered to the left and vice versa. At last he made a safe landing on the other side of the river.

2. Relate the author's observation on the use of mar boat as a mode of river transport in Assam.

Answer--   The author has given us detail of his observation about 'Marboat'. It was a means of communication during monsoon. Infact, in those days, it was the only means of transport in the river of Assam. The common people used this type of boat to cross the river very often. 

     However, journey on a marboat was, of course, tedius. The mar which was, indeed, a ferry, consisted of a plank plateform covering two open boats placed alongside one another. These were either paddled across the river or connected by a running cable to another stretched across the river. They were propelled from one side to the other by the forces of the river current.

3. Give the author's description of a Sal forest. 

Answer--  The sal forest that the author described was situated on the south bank of the river Brahmaputra. It was, indeed a country place of two hills and villages. The trees of this forest interspersed with villages and cultivation. The trees of the forest mostly of sal. It had more the character of English woodland. 

4. Describe the author's experience with bats in the Rajapara forest bunglow.

Answer---  According to the author Rajapara forest bunglow was the second bunglow. It was a pleasant place to work in. Still, the author's favorite place was Kulsi. 

   

      However, different types of bat were found on the roof of the forest bunglow. At Rajapara. their droppigs were a constant reminder of their presence. Moreover, the fusty smell of the bats was always with them. The fruitt eating bats had wings of five feet length. They lived in the tree outside the bunglow. They flew away at dusk in search of food. They were a strange group of ghostly shapes gliding through the air.

Q.1. Give a brief description of 'Peacock Island'.

Answer-- The author states that the peacock island was situated in the middle of the river Brahmaputra. When the author enjoyed the splendid view of the island from the varanda of his bunglow, he could see the dome of a hindu temple also. He  saw it through the trees.

       Although the island was called peacock island, it was, infact dominated by monkey. The island housed no peacock at all.

EXTRA/ INSIDE QUESTION ANSWERS.........

1.Who is the Chota Sahib in 'Memories of Chota Sahib"?

Answer-- The last British senior conservationist of the forest of Assam, John Rowntree is the chota sahib here.

2. Who made their first home on the bank of the river brahmaputra ?

Answer-- The british forest officer John Rowntree and his family.

3.What did the PWD do to the bunglow for Rowntree ?

Answer--- The PWD had given the walls of the bunglow a coat of fresh lime wash and had painted the wood work liberally with earthen oil.

4. Name the book from where this lesson has been taken ?

Answer--  The book is -'A Chota Sahib' or Memories of Forest of Ficar.

5. Where does the hindu temple located ?

Answer-- The hindu temple was located in the peak of island.

6. What is mar ?

Answer-- Mar was a ferry consisted of plank plateform covering two open boats place along side one another.

7. What feature did Rowntree mention about the North-bank ?

Answer-- The north-bank had its own features.It was a vast remote stretch of flat and ageless land. It was located between the sand banks of the Brahmaputra and the Himalayan foothills.

8. What is ficas-elastica ?

Answr-- Ficas elastica is a type of rubber. It belongs to the fig family of which several other specis are found in Assam.

9. What animal did the author discover in the peak of the island?

Answer--Monkey

10. When or in which season was the north bank delighted ?

Answer--During the cold season or weather.

11. What are Bheel referred to in the lesson ?

Answer-- Bheel refers to the ponds or wetlands with motionless waters.

12. What was almost close to the Rajapara banglow ?

Answer-- A large Bheel.

13.What was found in the bheels of Kamrup district ?

Answer-- Wild foul, peafoul etc.

14. What do you mean by epiphytes ?

Answer-- Epiphytes are the plant that grows on other host plants.

15. Why were the paddy fields divided into small enclosures ?

Answer-- To prevent the water from running away (from the field)

16.What  disturbed the writer at Rajapara bunglow ?

Answer-- Bats

17. What tree sorrounds the bunglow of kulsi ?

Answer-- Teak plants.

18. Who was the last british forest conservator ?

Answer-- John Rowntree.

19. Name of fish mentioned in the lesson.

Answer-- Mahsheer

20.Who took land lease for commercial simul plantation?

Answer-- An english couple.

21.What is 'Cheetal' in the lesson ?

Answer-- The word cheetal refers to spotted deer (found in the forest of Assam)

22.Where does Ficaus Elastica belong to ?

Answer-- Fig family.

23. Which wood was preferred  for furniture in the market?

Answer-- the wood from Burma.

24. What happens to the host tree ?

Answer--The host tree is completely taken by the epiphytes and it is even killed.

25. Which Indian tree is mentioned in the last paragraph of the lesson?

Answer-- Bunian tree.

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A ROADSIDE STAND_______BY ROBERT FROST

A ROADSIDE STAND_______BY ROBERT FROST

   June 04, 2025       RSC

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ABOUT THE POEM--

In this poem the poet says about the behaviour of the previledged class to th epoor peple.Here the roadside stand belongs to a poor family.The family members waits hopefully to get customers from the city. The shop (roadside stand) that they have is to draw attention of the city people, but their efforts are in vain.The city people do not pay attention to the shop and if herdly paid then they do not buy anything from the stand. The poet shows sympathy to them and hopes to help them as well. This great poet died on 29 january

ABOUT THE POET--

Robert Lee Frost was born on 26 march, 1874  in America. He was a realistic as well as nature poet.An important subject matter of his poem is rural life. He was also famous as a playwright. Frost was the poet who received four Pulitzer Prizes for poetry. This great poet died on 29 january, 1963.

SUMMARY OF THE POEM--

This poem deals with a roadside stand (shop). It brings a contrast between the difficulties of rural life and its people and the indifference shown by the city dwellers. The poet also criticises the exploitation of the hypocrite politicians who just keep on promising with such rural folks. These poor people always come across perpetual poverty which is unbearable for the poet Frost.

TEXTUAL QUESTION ANSWERS-

1.The city folk who drove through the counrtyside hardly paid any heed to the roadside stand or to the peoplewho ran it. If at all they did, it was to complain.Which lines bring this out. What was their complain about ?

Answer- The city folks who drove and passed the shade complain about the roadside stand. The lines in this context are as follows--

A) 'At having the landcsapemarred with the artless paint.'

B) of signs that with 'N' turned wrong and 'S' turned wrong.

      Their complaint was about the roadside stand which destroyed the charm of the entire landscape.

2. What was the plea of the folk who had put up the roadside stand ?

Answer-The folk who had put up the roadside stabnd pleaded fromthe city customers. They wish for the city money. They are very hopeful to welcome the cty people as their custoers and sell their goods stocked in the stand or shop.

3. The government and other social agencies appear to help the poor rural people, but do them no good.Pick out the words and phrases that the poet usage to show their double standard.

Answer- The government and other social service agencies seem to help the poor people fo the village, but in reality, they did not do good to them. The words and phrases are --

A) 'Grredy good-doers, beneficent beast of prey.'

B) 'That are calculated to soothe them out of their wits.'

4. What is the 'childish longing' that the poet refer to ? Why is it in 'vain'.

Answer- The expression 'childish longing' refers to meaningless waiting of the people associated with the roadside stand.It is quite childish and meaningless that they eagerly wait for city customers

     Their longing is in vain because in spite of their curious solicitation,a few customers turn up.

5.Which lines tell us about the insufferable painthat the poet feels at the thought of the plight of the rural poor ?

Answer- The poet is very much concerned about the plight of the rural poor. He feels pain at theirultimate fate or luck. He even wants to remove their pain and solve their continuous financial  problem at one stroke.

1/2 MARKS QUESTION AND ANSWERS.

1. Who composed the poem A Roadside Stand ?

Answer- Robert Frost

2. Where was the new shed put ?

Answer- The new shed was put by the side of the road.

3.why is the shed put there ?

Answer- To sell some vegetables, guards etc.

4. What is meant by 'but for some money' ?

 

Answer- The roadside stand was put to earn some money from city customers.

5.What is 'polished traffic'?

Answer- Polished traffic refers to the luxurious vehicles that pass by the roadside stand.

6.What do you mean by N and S turned wrong ?

Answer- This means the singboard of the roadside stand has alphabet N and S. Both N and S are wrongly painted.

7.What is sold in the roadside stand ?

Answer- wild berries.

8.What is in the news regarding the people of roadside stand ?

Answer- It is in the news that the government will be merciful to these people and settle them somwhere.

9.Who are called 'greedy good doers,and beast of prey'?

Answer- The poet called the authorities and the rulling class people as greedy good-doers and beast of prey.

10.What is meant by 'childish longing'?

Answer- Here 'childish longing' refers to the eaerly waiting  people related to the roadside stand. In fact, they eagerly wait for the city customers and their money.

11.What is open prayer in the poem ?

Answer- here open prayer means the poor wait and pray  at the roadside stand in the hope of getting rich customers from the city.

12.Why does the poet call 'selfish cars'?

Answer- The cars are regareded as selfish because they hardly wait in front of the stand, When they stand, they donot buy anything from the shop.

13.Why is the country scale of gain not counted ?

Answer- The country (village) scale of gain is not counted, because their gain and happiness is nominal that can be neglected.

14.What is the complaint of the country people ?

Answer- The complaint of these rural or country people is that their fate or luck has never changed.

15. What sadness lurks near the open window ?

Answer- According to the poet a number of vehicle pass by the open window but not a single one stops there to buy anything frm the shop.

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INDIGO ___________Louis Fischer

INDIGO ___________Louis Fischer

   June 03, 2025       RSC

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INTRODUCTION -

           This chapter is taken from the book -The Life of Mahatma Gandhi, where a true picture of british colonialism and expliotation is found in detail. The place where the episode of sharecropping occcured is Champaran district of Bihar. By the time the british was looting the poor peasants of Bhar in the name of zamindari system and sharecropping, gandhiji was not so much popular in India.He just came back from England after becoming a barrister. However, this chapter gives us a real picture- how Gandhiji defetated the British in Bihar and become a popular freedom fighter across India. Besides this, he worked as an active social worker along with his disciples, wife, son and his followers both Indian and european. Overall, this chapter makes us understand the Gandhian way of fighting for fredom of the country.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR:

         Louis Fischer was born in 1896. His birthplace is Philadelphia. He worked in the british army, a journalis and also as a faculty member in Princeton University. He died in 1970.

TEXTUAL QUESTION ANSWERS

(Think as you read)

1.strike out what is not true in the following:-

A.Rajkumar Shukla was:

I) A sharecropper           ii) a politician

Iii) delegate                     iv) a landlord

Ans:- except  (i) , all three false

B. Rajkumar Shukla was :

I) poor                                ii) physically strong

Iii) illiterate.

Ans :ii - not true.

                              Page-47 

2. Why is Rajkumar Shukla described as being resolute .

Answer- Rajkumar Shukla is described as resolute, because he wanted gandhi to take up the case of the Champaran peasants with a view to getting help. As he wanted gandhi in Champaran, So he accompanied Gandhi until he was free. Finally, being impressed by his tenacity Gandhi agreed and came to Champaran of Bihar with Shukla.

3.Why do you think the servants thought gandhi to be another peasant >

Answer- In Patna, Shukla led gandhi to the house of Rajendra Prasad, a lawyer.The servants knew that Shukla was a poor peasant.So, the person who accompanied Shukla (Gandhi) was also supposed to be a peasant by them. Hence, both of them were let to stay on the ground.

                                       Page -49

1.List the places that gandhi visited between his first meeting with Shukla and his arrival at Champaran.

Answer- Rajkumar Sukla, at first met Gandhi in Lucknow. Then, after visiting many places of India, Gandhi returned to his Ashram in Ahmedabad. Shukla accompanied him there. Later, Gandhi went to Kolkata and boarded a train bound for Patna.Finally he visited Muzaffarpur and Motihari and reached Champaran.

2. What did the peasants pay the British landlords as rent ? What did the British now want instead and why ? What would be the impact of synthetic indigo on the prices of natural indigo ?

Answer- The peasants of Champaran were forced to plant 15% of their holdings with indigo plantation. They had to surrender the entire indigo harvest as rent at last.

   Actually, the british changed their policy of agreement since they came to know that cheap German synthetic  indigo was available in the market.The indian natural indigo could not compete with that of German. So, the british wanted compensation from the poor peasants so as to make themselves free.

                          PAGE-51

1.The events in this part of the text illustrate Gandhiji's method of working. Can you identify instances of this method and link them to his ideas od satyagraha and nn violence ?

Answer- Gandhi was issued a court order to leave Champaran. He disobeyed the order after signature even if he had deeply respected the british legal system.

         Howevrer, having arrived at Champaran, gandhi realised that the british officials were violating natural justice. Whereas he wanted to render humaniratian service to the exploited peasants. He put forwarded his view that nothing is superior to 'the voice of conscience'. In this way, gandhiji linked his method to his idea od satyagraha and non-violance.

                          PAGE-53

1.why did gandhi agree to a settlement of 25% refund to the farmers ?

Answer- The british thought that gandhi would ask for 100% refund of what they exploited from peasants. But gandhi asked just 50% refund. As the planters offered 25%, gandhi agreed immediately. To him the amount was not important. Rather, the british landlords were obliged to surrender part of their money and part of their prestige- gandhi argued.

2.How did the episode change the plight of the peasants ?

Answer- After the Champaran episode the peasants understood their rights. They become more confident and brave. Moreover, as soon as the british landlords abandoned their plantations  the peasants got back their lands. Indigo sharecropping disappeared from India for ever.

                           PAGE-54

UNDERSTANDING THE TEXT

1.Why do you think Gandhi considered the Champaran episode to be a turning -point in his life ?

Answer- The Champaran movement was the first indian mass movement aginst the british. It united the common Indian and also made them aware of rights in own country. This movement taught them political and economic liberty.Also this was the first victory (civil disobedience) against the british. This movement under Gandhi's leadership forced the british to give back indian money and lose their own prestige.

        Therefore, it was a turning point in gandhi's life.

2.How was gandhi able to influence lawyers ? Give instances.

Answer- As soon as the news of gandhi's arrival spread, the lawyers of Muzaffarpur called on (meet) him.They requested him to brief them. But Gandhi chided  (told negatively) them for taking huge fees from the poor peasants.

        Again after gandhi received summon (court order) from the british lawful authority to appear in the court, he requested Rajendra Prasad to bring influencial lawyers and persons.He conferred with them and finally commented that if all of them support him then they would win the 'battle of Champaran'.

3. What was the attitude of the average Indian in smaller localities towards advocates of 'Home rule' ?

Answer- The average indian were indifferent to the advocates of home rule. They did not have goodwll towards them. In fact, they did not rely on the advocates since they charged huge fees from the cliants or peasants.

4. How do you know that ordinary people too  contributed to the freedom movement ?

Answer- We know that with the support of people/peasant the Champaran episode was won. The same happened in case of Indian freedom struggle. The episode was the beginning and rising of the common indian. They understood their rights,unity.and worked together therafter. This , in the long run led to Independence from the british rule in 1947.

ADDITIONAL/ EXTRA QUESTION ANSWERS

1.What is Indigo ?

Answer- Indigo means akind of dark blue dye obtained from the indigo plants

2.Who is the author of this chapter ?

Answer - Louis Fischer

3. What was the event where Shukla met gandhiji ?

Answer- In the annual convention of the Indian National Congress in Lucknow,in December-1916

4. Why did Shukla meet gandhi ?

Answer- To discuss and get solution to the problem of Champaran peasants related to share cropping.

5. Who was Edward Gait ?

Answer- The Lieutenant Governor who summoned gandhi while in Champaran.

6.When did the author visit the ashram of gandhi ?

Answer- in 1942.

7.How many delegates participated in the INC convention in Lucknow in 1916 ?

Answer- Altogether 2,301 delegates.

8.Who was J.B.kripalani ?

Answer- A professor of the Arts college in Muzafforpur, Bihar.

9.Who was Professor Malkani ?

Answr- A teacher of a govt. School in Bihar.

10.What is arable land ?

Answer- The land which is capable of being ploughed and grown crops.

11. Which british official commissioner did gandhi meet ?

Answer- The commissioner of Tirhut divison.

12. Name two influencial leaders mentioned.

Answer- Rajendra Prasad and Brij Kishore Babu.

13.What is civil disobediance ?

Answer- The refusal to comply with certain British laws by Indian. It is kind of political protest.

14.Name Gandhi's wife.

Answer- kastuba Gandhi.

15. Name son of Gandhi.

Answer- Devdas.

16.What are the common medicines used in Champaran /

Answer- Castor oil, Quinine and sulphur.

17. Who was Charles Freer Andrews ?

Answer- An english pacifist who had become a devoted follower of Gandhi.

18. How long did gandhi stay in Champaran ?

Answer- Initially seven months and ltogether one year.

19. Who was Reverend J.Z.Hodge ?

Answer- A british Missionary who stayed in Champaran and observed the episode of Charecroppers.

20. What amount did gandhi demand and finally accepted ?

Answer- Gandhi demaneded 50% and agreed to accept only 25%.

21.Who were the two disciple of gandhi in Champaran ?

Answer- Narahari Parikh and Mahadev Desai.

22.In how many villages did Gandhi open school in Bihar ?

Answer- In six villages.

23. What did Ksturba teach to the women of Bihar ?

Answer- Ashram rules, personal cleanliness and community sanitation.

24.Why did gandhi visit Muzafforpur ?

Answer- To get the real picture of Zamindari system under the british.

25.Why did gandhi chide the lawyers of Bihar ?

Answer- For charging huge fees from the poor farmers.

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JOB APPLICATION

JOB APPLICATION

   June 02, 2025       RSC

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WHAT IS JOB APPLICATION ?

Job application means formal application to an employer, who has already advertised inviting job application from eligible candidates for his/her firm, Scool, college.

Job application is written by the candidate himself or herself. There should be two pages - one the application and the other is Bio data.

Exercise::

1. Write a job application for the post of Asst.Teacher (Science) in response to the advertisement published in an english newspaper on 10/5/2025.

Answer- 

To,

The Head Master/Principal

ABC .H.S.School

Kamrup, Guwahati (Assam)

Date - 15/5/25

Subject: Application for the post of Asst.Teacher (Science)

Rspected Sir,

      In response to your advertisement in The Assam Trbune, dated the 10th may/2025 and with reference to the subject cited above I have the honour to submit my candidature for the mentioed post. So far my educational qualification is concerned, I passsed B.Sc in mathematics and B.Ed as well. Presently I have been working as Asst.Teacher in an english medium school.

       Therefore, I hope that you would kindly go through the photocopies of my educational qualificatons and consider them with favour. I am committed to render my best services if appointed to the post.

Faithfully yours

Mr.XYZ

(Enclosed my detail bio-data)

                            BIO-DATA

Name :                                   Aruna Sarma

Father's name :                     Anjan Sarma

Address :                               House No- 12

                                              A.K Das Road

                                              Amingaon, Guwahati

Date of borth :                     30/09/1993

Nationality :                         Indian

Marital status :                    unmarried

Educational Qualification :

A) HSLC- 2005, SEBA, FRST DIV, 88%

B) HS-(SCIENCE) 2007-AHSEC, FIRST, 91%

C) B.SC- (MATH) 2010-G.U, 1ST CLASS-65%

D) B.ED- 2012, G.U, 1ST CLASS, 59%

Teaching Experience- :       4 years .

Language Known :      English, Assamese, Hindi

                         DECLARATION

I do hereby declare that above data is correct and genuine as per my knowledge is concerned. The photocopies of my certificates have been enclosed for your kind consideration.

                                           Faithfully yours

                                            Mr. ABC

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KEEEPING QUIET______by Pablo Neruda

KEEEPING QUIET______by Pablo Neruda

   May 22, 2025       RSC

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About the poet--

PUBLO NERUDA was a Chilean poet.He was born on 12 july, 1904. He began his creative career since 13 years of age. He was also a diplomat.He was ararded Nobel Prize for literature in 1971. He wrote a number of poems and well known for his variety of styles. This poet died on 23 september, 1973.

About the poem---

The poem 'Keeping Quiet' is all about a universal appeal to all poeple across the globe to stop whatever work one does just for a while. The purpose behind this appeal is to introspect into ourselves and have mutual understanding among all. The poet suggests us all to withdrow from our harmful activities for a couple of seconds so as to make this earth a better place to live in.

TEXTUAL QUESTION ANSWER-

1. What will counting up to twelve and keeping still help us achieve ?

Answer-  the poet expects that we should keep quiet and stop our activities for a few seconds. He says that if we can do so then it would be an exotic moment. This will help us to gain new energy and begin our activities afresh.

2.Do you think the poet advocates total inactivity and death ?

Answer- No, the poet is not advocating total inactivity and death.He wishes that we should keep still just for a few moments. This will help us avoid rush and think about ourselves. This will also help us to restore our strength and live better life.

3. What is the sadness that the poet refers to in the poem ?

Answer- By the word 'sadness' he refers to our failure to understand ourselves. In fact, we are so busy that we have no time to introspect into our destructive activities. Hence, he suggests us to know ourselves and our works better and introspect in silence.

4. What symbol from the nature does the poet invoke to say that there can be life under apparent stillness ?

Answer-The poet invokes the symbol of the Earth to clarify that there is possibility of life under apparent stillness. The earth teaches us the best and helpful lesson of life.

EXTRA/ ADDITIONAL QUESTION ANSWER-

REFERENCE TO THE CONTEXT (RTC)

1. 'Fishermen in the cold sea

     Would not harm whales

      And the man gathering slat

      Would look at his hurt hands.'

1. Who is the speaker ?

2.  When will the fishermen not harm whales?

3.why will salt gathering man look at his hands?

Answer- 

1) The poet Publo Neruda is the speaker here.

2) During the few moments that the poet suggests us to keep quiet.

3) The salt gathering men have no time usually, but the moments that the poets suggests to keep quiet, will help them to observe their hurt hands.

2. 'Perhaps the Earth can teach us

     As when everything seems dead

     And later proves to be alive."

1. What lesson does rhe earth teach us ?

2. What seems dead ?

3.What proves alive ?

Answer-

1. According to the poet the earth teaches us the best lesson on how to live inspite of all difficulties.

2. All hopes and aspirations seem dead at some crucial juncture of life.

3. The earth proves to be alive regardless of all adversities.

ONE/ TWO MARKS QUESTION ANSWERS-

1. Name the poet of keeping Quiet ?

Answr- Publo Neruda.

2.Why does the poet want to count upto 

twelve ?

Answer- The poet thinks that counting upto twelve will give us patience to introspect into our works.

3.What does 'not speak in any language'mean ?

Answer- By ths sentence the poet indicates complete silence.

4.What is sudden strangeness ?

Answer-It means sudden strange and wonderful moments which the poet expects.In fact the poet wants a sense of togetherness among all of us  just for a moment.

5.What would happen to a fisherman ?

Answer- The fisherman would get chance for a while and stop harming the creatures in the sea.

6.What does the poet mean by wars ?

Answer-  the poet means that war causes destruction.It can never give anything positive to mankind.

7. With what should one not get confused ?

Answer- The poet says that by his words one should not confuse with total inactivity. He wants inactivity just for a while but not forever.

8.What  does the Earh teach us ?

Answer- The Earth teaches us that when everything look dead, it remains alive to encourage us and accept life as usual.

9. What does the poet mean by 'without rush, without engine'?

Answer- By 'without rush' the poet means that without any kind of crowd and 'without engine' means without any kind of vehicle or machinary  sound.

10. What does 'in the shade, doing nothing' mean ?

Answer- When all will keep quiet, the soldiers and those who plan for war will get time to sit down together under the shade and talk leisurely.

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LETTER WRITING

LETTER WRITING

   May 20, 2025       RSC

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LETTER WRITING 

What is letter writing-

  Letter writing is a type of composition. It may be called spot composition also. Letter writing is an art.

Types of letter

   Basically there are three types of letter fo far school students are concerned.They are Formal or official letter, Informal or personal letter and Business letter.

WHAT IS FORMAL LETTER--

Formal letter is official letter. There may be diverse formal letters relating to school, college,office, administrative departments, banks, police station, post office etc.

WHAT IS INFORMAL LETTER-

All personal letters are called informal letter. Such letters are written to family members, friends, relatives etc. The pattern of writing informal letter is quite different from formal letters.

, beg to state

WHAT IS BUSINESS LETTER -

Business letters are those which are related business order, parcel etc. These letters are sent to dealers, workshops, wholeseller etc.

FORMAL LETTER SOLVED--

Exercise-1.Write a letter to the Head master of your school seeking better library facilities.

Answer-

To,

The Head Master

Kamrup, Assam

Date- 10/12/2022

Subject- Prayer for better library facility.

Sir,

  With profound respect I, on behalf of the common students of our school, beg to state that we are in need of a better library facility at our school. We need thsi since during off periods or leisure time we have nothing to do at all. also whatever lsmall library we do have, is not sufficient for us. We are in need of a well furnished library with latest books, journals, dictionaries, enccyclopedia etc.

  We humbly pray for your kind attention to the matter a prompt action as well. We shall be waiting for your positive response.

Regards

  

Faithfully yours

Xyz 

EXERCISE-2: Write a letter to the Post Master of your local post office regarding the loss of your parcel.

Answer-

To,

The Post Master,

XYZ post office,

Namrup, Assam

Suject_- Regarding loss of parcel.

Sir,

  I have the honour to state that my parcel bearing no- N?A -234/2025 lost recently while under your custody. I sent it to my brother who lives in Delhi for ten years. My brother also enquired of the parcel in the local Post office but of no use. 

   

  Hence, I would like to request to look into the matter and all possible measure to solve the problem.

Regards

Faithfully yours

Mr.D.Das

EXERCISE-3. Write a letter tothe Editor of an English daily narrating the problem of frequnt theft at your locality.

Answer-

To,

  The Editor,

The Assam Tribune

Chandmari, Guwahati, Assa,

Date-10/10/2024

Sir,

   I shall be highly obliged if you allow me a little space in your esteemed daily to narrate the problem of frequent theft at our locality for a couple of months. It has been almost six months that the commmon people of our locality can not sleep or goout at night due to the problem of theft. Every other house of our native area is affected by this problem.Many people have already lost their valuable gods including jwellery, TV sets, cash etc. A number of cases have been registered but the real culprit has not been detected till now. Police patrolling at night is a common phenomenon, but of no use. A delegation of senior citizen met the local MLA and the DC, still the result is not satisfactory. 

  I, therefore, urge you publish this letter in your esteemed daily so that the concerned hgher authority of the govt take a look at the seriousness of the problem and take some necessary action. I hope you would respond to this request for the greater intersest of our locality.

Yours etc

Mr.XYZ

INFORMAL LETTER SOLVED --

EXERCISE-4: Write a letter to your friend narrating how you would spend the next winter vacation.

Answer-

                              God is Great

                                                        Date- 2/2/25

Dear XYZ,                                       Exam: Hall

             Hope yu are well with your parents and only sister Rita. I am very well here with my hostel friends. I am glad to tell you that our annual examination is going to finish on 15the december. After the exam. I shall go home to spend one month of winter vacation.

               I feel pleased to tell that I have prepared a special programme schedule for the upcoming winter vacation.During the first ten days I would go to Goa with my parents. Then I shal spend one week with my grandparents in my native village. Finally I shall spend the rest of the days in the name of gardening at our residence.

              I look forward to know about your plan for the nextvacation.Hope that you would keep writing.

  To,

         Mr. XYZ                                Your loving

         C/o- ABC                                  MNC

         P/o-.........                                  

 

EXERCISE-5:  Write a letter to your friend telling him or her about your hobbey.

Answer-

                          God is Good

Dear XYZ                                  Exam: Hall

                                                   Date:1/2/25

         I am glad to receive your letter yesterday. It was really a pleasant surprise for me after a long time. Hope that you are well. I am also doing well here.

           In your recent letter you asked me about my hobbey.So I am writing a few words on it. To be frank, my hobby is gardening. I spend my leisure time working in my garden where both flower saplings, trees etc co-exist with a number of vegetable plants. I find gardening a fascinating experience.It keeps me aware of seasonal changes. In fact, I dedicate my heart and soul into it.

         Nothing more for today. Hope to meet you after annual examination. 

                                                    Yours ever

                                                       ABC

To-- Mr.  Xyz

C/o-- MNC

P/o--Kamrup

Assam.

EXERCISE-6: write a letter to the Editor of an English daily about a bad piece of road at your locality.

Answer-

To,

   The Editor,

    The Assam Tribune

    Chandmari, Guwahati

      Date-10 june'2025

Sir,

   I shall be highly obliged if you allow me a little space in your esteemed newspaper to narrate the problem of bad or deplorable road condition at different parts of our locality. The common people of this area have been suffering from this problem for almost ten months. The problem has been made serious by the frequenly passing loaded tractors, dumper trucks and other heavy vehicles during rainy season.

      The road condition is so serious that at any moment fatal accidents may occur. Considering this issue we approached the local administration but of no use..

       Hence, I urge you to publish this news in your daily so that the concerned govt. authority may take a look into the problem and take some urgent measures.

                                              Your's etc

                                              

BUSINESS LETTER SOLVED..

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