BEGINNERS' TENSE

BEGINNERS' TENSE

   July 24, 2022       RSC

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BEGINNERS' TENSE 

## TENSE IDENTIFICATION TASK:

Tense may be called the basic part of various grammar topics. Before going to solve Voice or Narration

 It is very important to identify the tense of the sentences. Without having proper knowledge of the

 three Tense, their four parts each and altogether 12 tense structure, it is quite impossible to attempt 

VOICE CHANGE OR NARRATION. Besides, such students can not either compose their own English

 or comprehend any paragraph written in English. Hence it is suggested that they should follow

 ENGLISH GRAMMAR TOPIC :TENSE in this blog and then follow the following exercise. 

Question:: Identify  tense of the following Sentence (name out of twelve types )

1. He is a student.

2. I have cut my finger.

3. Honesty is the best policy.

4. We have a car.

5.They do not do their works.

6. I loved my country.

7. Do you do your works ?

8.Raja is a good student.

9. They have their dinner.

10. Knowledge is power.

11. Is he a good boy?

12. I have my hair cut every month.

13. I have a task to complete.

14. It's 9 pm now.

15. He is our President.

16. I lost my car.

17. Please sing a song.

18. They will have done their work.

19. I may call you back.

20. can I do it ?

21.It rained yesterday.

22. It may rain tonight.

23. He cut an apple yesterday.

24.She cuts her shoe lace.

25. I cut my nail every week.

26. John has been a teacher.

27. We have been in London for many years.

28.I had been a student of this school.

29. He looks very smart.

30. Do I look depressed today ?

 ANSWERS:

1. PRESENT INDEFINITE TENSE.

2.PRESENT PERFECT TENSE.

3. PRESENT INDEFINITE.

4.PRESENT INDEFINITE.

5. PRESENT INDEFINITE.

6.PAST INDEFINITE.

7. PRESENT INDEFINITE.

8.PRESENT INDEFINITE.

9. PRESENT INDEFINITE.

10. PRESENT INDEFINITE.

11.PRESENT INDEFINITE.

12.PRESENT INDEFINITE.

13. PRESENT INDEFINITE.

14. PRESENT INDEFINITE.

15. PRESENT INDEFINITE.

16.PAST INDEFINITE.

17. PRESENT  INDEFINITE.

18, FUTURE PERFECT.

19. PRESENT INDEFINITE.

20.PRESENT INDEFINITE.

21. PAST INDEFINITE.

22. PAST INDEFINITE.

23.PAST INDEFINITE.

24. PRESENT INDIFINITE.

25. PRESENT INDEFINITE.

26. PRESENT PERFECT.

27. PRESENT PERFECT.

28. PAST PERFECT.

29. PRESENT INDEFINITE.

30. PRESENT INDEFINITE.

NAME TENSE OF THE FOLLOWING STRUCTURES.

1. SUB+VERB2+ OBJECT.

ANSWER: PAST INDEFINITE. 

2.SUB+ SHALL/WILL+V1+OBJ

ANSWER: FUTURE INDEFINITE.

3.SUB+HAVE/HAS+V3+OBJ.

ANSWER: PRESENT PERFECT.

4. SUB+HAD+V3+OBJ.

ANSWER: PAST PERFECT.

5. SUB+HAVE/HAS+BEEN+V1+ING+OBJ.

ANSWER: PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS.

6. SUB+SHALL/WILL+HAVE+BEEN+V1+ING +OBJ

ANSWER: FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS.

5. SUB+AM/IS/ARE+V+ING+OBJ.

ANSWER: PRESENT CONTINUOUS.

6. SUB+WAS/WERE+V1+OBJ.

ANSWER: PAST CONTINUOUS.

FIND OUT TENSE RELATED MISTAKES IN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE:

1. I LIKES TOY. 

ANSWER: I LIKE TOY.

2.SHE DO NOT DO HER WORKS.

ANSWER: SHE DOES NOT DO HER WORKS.

3. I DID MY HOME WORK JUST NOW.

ANSWER: I HAVE DONE MY HOME WORK JUST NOW.

4.HE IS KNOWING ME.

ANSWER: HE KNOWS ME.

5. I AM WISHING YOU A HAPPY BIRTHDAY.

ANSWER: I WISH YOU A HAPPY BIRTHDAY.

6. HE IS FEELING VERY COLD

ANSWER: HE FEELS VERY COLD.

7. HE HAS BEEN KNOWING ME SINCE 2015.

ANSWER: HE HAS KNOWN ME SINCE 2015.

8. IT IS RAINING FROM YESTERDAY.

ANSWER: IT HAS BEEN RAINING SINCE YESTERDAY.

9. I AM DOING MY BATH.

ANSWER: I AM TAKING BATH.

10. HE WILL HAS DONE THE WORK.

ANSWER: HE WILL HAVE DONE THE WORK.

11. I SHALL HAVE EATING RICE.

ANSWER: I SHALL HAVE EATEN RICE.

12. HE COULD HAS DONE THE WORK.

ANSWER: HE COULD HAVE DONE THE WORK.

13. JUSTIN HAVE DONE IT.

ANSWER: JUSTIN HAS DONE IT.

14. HE CAME SHORTLY.

ANSWER: HE WILL COME SHORTLY.

15. THE RESULT WILL BE DECLARED RECENTLY.

ANSWER: THE RESULT WILL BE DECLARED SHORTLY.

16. HE DOES NOT DOES HIS WORKS ON TIME.

ANSWER: HE DOES NOT DO HIS WORKS ON TIME.

17.  HE WILL COME BY THE NEXT SUNDAY.

ANSWER: HE WILL HAVE COME BY THE NEXT SUNDAY.

18. IF HE DO IT HE WOULD HAVE SUCCEEDED.

ANSWER: IF HE HAD DONE IT HE WOULD HAVE SUCCEEDED.

19. IF IT RAIN I SHALL NOT GO THERE.

ANSWER: IF IT RAINS I SHALL NOT GO THERE.

20. IF I WAS A GHOST I WOULD PUNISH THEM.

ANSWER: IF I WERE A GHOST I WOULD PUNISH THEM.

### RELATION BETWEEN TENSE AND VOICE.

Although Voice is a separate topic, it has close link with Tense. 

1st - Voice change is done tense wise. For instance Present Tense Voice (Indefinite, continuous, perfect)

    In perfect continuous tense, there is no change of voice.

2nd -  Similarly, in Past Tense Voice is changed in Past Indefinite, Past continuous and Past Perfect.;

     but not in Past Perfect Continuous.

3rd - Again in Future Tense, Voice is changes in Future Indefinite and Future Perfect. There is no

     change of Voice in Future Continuous and Future Perfect Continuous Tense.

    ##Apart from these, Voice change is  done with Auxiliary Verbs, Wh-question words, agentless sentences etc.

    ## We have added a post on VOICE CHANGE separately.. so learners can refer to that for better understanding of the topic.

##  RELATION BETWEET TENSE AND NARRATION OR SPEECH.

This is also a Topic of discussion. Students on Non-Native countries, very often fail to understand that

 reported speech (E.g -"I am very ill") is attached to Tense. To change Speech, it is very important to

 guess the tense of  reported speech. Then only one can change Direct Speech into Indirect.

 Ex: He Said, " I am very ill."

here, reporting speech is in past Tense, but the reported speech is in Present Simple. (it is of prime

 importance that the student understood it, otherwise- it is quite impossible to change the speech.

 

Answer:  He said that he was very ill.

THUS, IT IS CLEARLY UNDERSTOOD THAT  WITHOUT PROPER KNOWLEDGE OF TENSE, 

STUDENTS MAY NOT SUCCESSFULLY SOLVE TENSE, VOICE AND NARRATION RELATED QUESTION.

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ENGLISH GRAMMAR|| SENTENCE COMBINE OR SYNTHESIS OF SENTENCE.

ENGLISH GRAMMAR|| SENTENCE COMBINE OR SYNTHESIS OF SENTENCE.

   January 28, 2022       RSC

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Combine sentence means joining of two sentence s with the help of conjunction, co relatives etc like-

- so, that, though yet, although, until, but, yet, not only but also, neither- nor, either-or, using 'ing' 

( seeing the tiger), using having, (having done the work...), 

POINTS TO REMEMBER IN SENTENCE COMBINATION.. 

A) . USING PRESENT PARTICIPLE:: 

EX. I went to the zoo. I saw a tiger

Answer: Going to the zoo I saw a tiger

B) USING 'TO INFINITIVE. 

Ex:: I have some money. I can't spare it. 

Answer: I have no money to spare. 

C) USING NOUN IN APPOSITION. 

Ex: Rama was the king of Ayodhya. He killed Ravaana

Answer: Rama, the king of Ayodhya, killed Ravaana. 

D). USING ADVERB  PHRASE. 

Ex: I could not help you. He was unfortunate. 

Answer: Unfortunately  I could not help him. 

E) USING  CO-ORDINATING CONJUNCTION. 

Ex: I didn't meet Ram. I didn't meet his brother. 

Answer: I neither met Ram nor his brother. 

F) USING NOUN CLAUSE. 

Ex.: He will not come. It is my belief. 

Answer: My belief is that he will not come. 

G) USING SINGLE CONJUNCTION & CO- RELATIVES. 

Ex: He is poor. He is happy. 

Answer: He is poor yet happy

 She must weep. She will die. 

Answer: She must weep or she will die. 

Raju is intelligent. Raju is sincere. 

Answer: Raju is not only intelligent but also sincere. 

H) USING CUMULATIVE CONJUNCTION. 

Ex: Plato was a philosopher. Plato was a thinkee. 

Answer: Plato was a philosopher as well as a thinker. 

I) USING ALTERNATIVE CONJUNCTION. 

Ex: work hard. You will be unsuccessful. 

Answer: Work hard or/other wise you will be unsuccessful. 

EXERCISE SOLVED.. 

1) He is poor. He is honest. 

Ans: He is poor yet honest. 

2) You were ill. I knew it

Ans: I knew that you were I'll. 

3) The earth is round. We can prove it. 

Ans: We can prove that the earth is round. 

4) Raju is sincere. He is brilliant also. 

Ans: Raju is brilliant as well as sincere. 

5) I know you. I know your father also. 

Ans: I know both you and your father. 

6) Read hard. You will fail. 

Ans: Read hard or you will fail. 

7) Stop talking. You will be punished. 

Ans: Stop talking otherwise you will be punished. 

8) He completed his work. He left for home. 

Ans: Having completed his work he left for home. 

9) Knowledge is power. Everyone knows it. 

Ans: Everyone knows that knowledge is power. 

10) He saw the snake. He jumped. 

Ans: Seeing the snake he jumped. 

11) The box is very heavy. I can not lift it.

Ans: The box is too heavy to lift.

12) We should stop the plan. This is my suggestion.

Ans: My suggestion is that we should stop the plan.

13)  The rain will stop. Let us wait till then. 

Ans: Let us wait till the rain stops.

14) What is his name. I don't know.

Ans: I don't know what his name is .

15) The boys will participate in the program. The boys will also participate in the program.

Ans: Both the boys and the girls will participate in the program.

16) The one horned rhino is regarded as rare animal. It is found only in Assam.

Ans: The one horned rhino, which is regarded as rare animal, is found only in Assam.

### It is necessary to solve  more exercise to attain perfection. 

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ENGLISH GRAMMAR || NARRATION OR SPEECH

ENGLISH GRAMMAR || NARRATION OR SPEECH

   January 12, 2022       RSC

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NARRATION OR SPEECH 

STEP-1

Narration is a very common topic of English grammar. Both School & College students need to acquire knowledge of Narration. 

Basically Narration may be Direct & Indirect. ]

Example of Direct narration:

1) He says, "I am ill" (D) 

Ans: He says that he is ill (indirect) 

2) They said to me, " We came yesterday. "(D) 

Ans: They told me that they had gone the day before. (indirect) 

##Here... He says & They said to me  are-- Reporting speech. 

##'Says' & 'said' are reporting verbs. 

## "I am ill & " We came yesterday " are Reported speech.

 

## 'me' in 2nd sentence is object. 

 STEP -2

NARRATION IS CHANGED AS PER THE ORDER OF 5 TYPES  OF SENTENCES. 

They are:

1) Assertive/Statement/Declarative Sentence. 

(Plain statements or declarations) 

Ex: I am a student. 

        He is a teacher.

2) Interrogative Sentence(question sentences) 

Ex: a) Is he reading a book? 

       b) What are you doing here? 

3) Imperative Sentence(order, request, advice, suggestion etc)

 

Ex: Do the work now. 

  Please help the poor. 

4) Optative Sentence (wish, prayer etc) 

Ex: May God bless you! 

        May you live long !

5) Exclamatory Sentence (sudden emotion, interjection) 

Ex: Alas! I am undone. 

      Hurray ! we won the match.

Step -3

A number of changes  take place while changing from Direct to Indirect narration. 

They are: Direct........................... Indirect

 Pres: Indefinite T. --------- Past. Indef: Tense

Pres. Contin: T--------------Past Continuous T

Pres: Perfect T-------------Past Perf: Tense

Pres: Perf: Contin T------- Past Perf:Cont: T

Past Indefinite T---------- Past Perfect T. 

Past Continuous T------- Past Perfect ContinT

Future (shall/will) ------- would.

 

Now                                    Then

Here                                   There

This                                   That

These                                Those

Today                                 That day

Yesterday.......The day before/The previous day

Tomorrow...... The next day/The following day

Last Month.... The previous month

Last year....... The previous year.

 

Ago                  Before

Thus we have already discussed various changes found in narration in case of five types of sentences. 

Now we shall discuss Sentence wise rules for narration and examples. 

1)  ASSERTIVE SENTENCE:

  

Points to remember -- 

  a) said to changes into told

  b) that - used as conjunction. 

  c) no change in reported speech if reporting speech is in present tense. 

  d) no change in reported speech if reported speech indicates universal truth or habitual action. 

Example-- 

 

a) He said to me, " I like your idea. "

Answer: He told that he liked my idea. 

 b) Father said, "I read your copy yesterday. "

Answer: Father said that he had read my copy the day before. 

c) He says, " I like tea. " 

Answer: He says that he likes tea. 

d) Raju said, " I go to school on foot daily. "

Answer: Raju said that he goes to school on foot daily. 

e) The teacher said, " The earth is round. "

Answer: The teacher said that the earth is round. 

f) "Today is Friday", He said. 

Answer: He said that that day was Friday. 

g) " Honesty is the best virtue. ' The saint said. 

Answer: The saint said that honesty is the best virtue. 

h) John said, "I may come  tomorrow. "

Answer: John said that he might go the following day. 

2) INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE. 

In this sentence basically we find two types of narration, viz:: Yes/ no question and wh- question word narration. 

In fact, Yes/ No questions are related to 24 Auxiliary verbs. ( am, is, are, was, we're, do, did, does,

 have, has, had, shall, willl, should, would, may, might, must, can, could, need, dare, used to, ought to) 

Where as WH-- question words may be - who, what, why, when, how, which, whom etc

LET'S TRY NARRATION WITH YES/ NO QUESTIONS :: 

Points to remember:: 

a) Reported speech begins with question words. 

b) said to.. Changes into asked

C) after asked (me/him/her/them) if  - is used. 

d) that - not used

e) other changes occur as per the list. 

Examples: 

a) I said to him, "Is this year pen? "

Answer: I asked him if that was his pen. 

b) They said to me, " Is he your father? "

Answer: They asked me if he was my father. 

c) The teacher  said to Ram, "Have you doe your home work.? 

Answer: The teacher asked Ram if he had done his home work. 

d) I said to them, " Do you know how to drive a car? "

Answer: I asked them if they knew how to drive a car. 

e) Mother said, " Does Rita read hard.?"

Answer: Mother asked if Rita read hard. 

f) " Ar you a regular student? " The teacher said to me. 

Answer: The teacher asked me if I was a regular student

. 

g) The teacher said to me, "Were they playing cricket? "

Answer: The teacher asked me if they had been playing cricket. 

h) The driver asked me, " Will you go to the town? "

Answer: The driver asked me if I would go to the town. 

LET'S TRY NARRATION WITH WH-- QUESTIONS

points to remember:

a) said to changes into  asked

b) wh- question remains in the same position.

 

c) that - not used. 

d) other changes take place. 

Example:

a) He said to me, " What is your name?"

Answer: He asked me what my name. Was. 

b) We said to her, " Where are you going now.? "

Answer: We asked them where they were going then. 

c) Anik said to us, " Where did you see the snake? "

Answer: Anik asked us where we had seen the snake. 

d) The inspector said, "Who is the criminal here? "

Answer: The inspector asked who the criminal was there. 

e) " How do you know this truth ? "I asked my friend. 

Answer: I asked my friend how he knew that truth. 

f) " Which book do you want? " The librarian said. 

Answer: The librarian asked which book he wanted. 

 g) "Whom.do you know here  in this town? "

I said to the stranger. 

Answer: I asked the stranger whom he knew in that town.

h) They asked me what my postal address was. 

Answer: They said to me, " What is your postal address.? "

3).NARRATION IN  IMPERATIVE SENTENCE: 

In case of Imperative Sentence, again we find. Two Types of sentence . 

They are -- Normal Sentence & Sentence with... 'Let's

LET'S TRY NORMAL IMPERATIVE SENTENCES::

Points to remember::

a)  said to -- changes into ordered, asked, forbade, warned, requested, etc and followed by 'to' +verb1.

b) that not used. 

c) other changes take place. 

Example:

a) He said to me, " Stop talking. "

Answer: He ordered me to stop talking. 

b) Mother said to me, " Don't go outside now. "

Answer: Mother forbade me to go outside then. 

c) A beggar said, " Please give me some money. 

Answer: A beggar requested to give him some money. 

d) They said to him., " Pick up the phone. "

Answer: They asked him to pick up the phone. 

NARRATION WITH 'LET' IN IMPERATIVE SENTENCE. 

Points to remember:

a) Let - found  in reported speech

b) said to-- proposed to 

c) that & should.. used

Example: 

a) My friend said to me, " Let us go to the park"

Answer: My friend proposed to me that we should go to the park.

 

 b) He said to me, "Let me try this. "

Answer: He proposed to me that he should be allowed to try that. 

MORE. EXERCISE SOLVED

a) The teacher said to me , " I shall punish you. "

Answer: The teacher  threatened that he would punish  me

b) He requested me to meet their principal soon. 

Answer: He said to me, "please meet our principal soon. "

c) Amal proposed to me that we should submit our assignment as early as possible.

 

Answer: Amal said to me, " Let us submit our assignment as early as possible. "

4) NARRATION IN OPTATIVE SENTENCE: 

Points to remember::

a) said to changes into Wished, prayed etc

b) That  - conjunction is used. 

c) If ' God ' is in reported speech, then in place of said to -- prayed is used. 

d) other changes take place. 

Example:

a) He said to the boy, " May you live long! "

Answer: He wished that the boy might live long. 

b) Grandpa said to me, " May God bless you.! "

Answer: Grandpa prayed that God might bless me. 

( here, Grandpa prayed to me is incorrect... since, me is to write at the end.) 

c) The old man said to the girl, " May you succeed in life! "

Answer: The old man wished that the girl might succeed in life. 

NOTE:: All types of wish and prayer come under the preview of Optative Sentence.. 

5) NARRATION IN EXCLAMATORY SENTENCE.. 

Points to remember:: 

1) said to changes into Exclaimed + with sorrow, happiness, wonder, surprise, repentence etc

2) That - used

3) other changes take place.

 

 ###  Using of above words depends on the meaning of the reported speech. 

Examples::

1) The thief said, " Alas! I am ruined!. "

Answer: The thief exclaimed with sorrow that he was ruined. 

2) The little girl said, " What a big snake it is! "

Answer: The little girl exclaimed with wonder that it was a very big snake. 

3) " How beautiful the flower is! " They said. 

Answer: They exclaimed with surprise that it was a very beautiful flower. 

4) The blind lady said, " Alas! I am undone. "

Answer: The blind lady exclaimed with sorrow that she was undone. 

SOME. MIXED EXERCISE AND THEIR ANSWERS. 

1) Anil said to me, " How is your father today? I replied, " He is much better." " Have you taken him outside for better treatment? "  I said, "No"

Answer:  Anil asked me how my father was that day. I replied that he was much better. Then he asked if he (my father) had been taken outside for better treatment. I replied in the negative. 

2) I said to the gatekeeper, "  When will the doctor arrive? " He said, " He will be late today."

I said, " What do you mean?" He said, " Sir is busy with his family today.".

Answer: I asked the gate keeper when the doctor would arrive. He said that he would be late that day. I asked what he meant. He said that Sir(doctor) was busy with his family that day. 

##### Maximum practice may lead to success. ##

##### For better and faster understanding, student may solve the exercise given in various question banks.

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ENGLISH GRAMMAR || TAG QUESTION

ENGLISH GRAMMAR || TAG QUESTION

   January 06, 2022       RSC

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TAG QUESTION is a part of QUESTION PATTERN in grammar. It is included in school level grammar syllabus. Meaning of Tag question is - the question which is added in the end of a sentence. 

POINTS TO REMEMBER::

1) Auxiliary verb which is present in the sentence.. Just use it in the beginning of the question. 

2) If the given sentence is negative.. then don't use not (n't) with the auxiliary. 

3) If the sentence is affirmative.. then join n't with the auxiliary. 

4) If the given sentence contains any one of -- few, hardly, scarcely, seldom etc  then the sentence is negative... question is to be asked in affirmative. 

5) Sentence with 'I am' take Aren't I. 

6) Sentence with 'Let us' take shall we. 

7) All imperative sentence take 'will you'. 

8) Sentence with everyone & everybody take 'they'.

EXERCISE SOLVED... 

1) He is a good boy; isn't he? 

2) We play football regularly,; don't we? 

3) He works very hard; doesn't he? 

4) Let us go to the park; shall we? 

5) Please help me now; will you? 

6) I am senior to you; aren't I? 

7) Look at the sky; will you? 

8) I have completed my job; haven't I? 

9) Everyone warned you, didn't they? 

10) Neither of them complained, did they? 

11) You can swim, can't you? 

12) Raj can cope with the situation, can't he? 

13) You found your passport, didn't you? 

14) He will come soon, won't he? 

15) The dishes are dirty, aren't they? 

16) She works in a bank, doesn't she? 

17) Nobody knows, does s/he? 

18) I am invited to your party, aren't I? 

19) He never says a word, does he? 

20) This will work, won't this? 

21) Don't let it happen again, will you? 

22) It seldom barks, does it? 

23) Everyone attended the party, Didn't they? 

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