The Adventures of Toto Class 9 English: Question Answers & Summary


 

About the Lesson: The Adventures of Toto


"The Adventures of Toto" is a humorous and engaging short story written by the famous Indian author Ruskin Bond. It is a staple of the Class 9 English (Moments) syllabus. The story revolves around a mischievous baby monkey named Toto, who is bought by the narrator’s Grandfather for five rupees from a tonga-driver. Grandfather is an animal lover and maintains a private zoo at home, but Toto proves to be quite a handful!



About the Author: Ruskin Bond

Ruskin Bond (born 19 May 1934) is an iconic Indian author of British descent who has played a pioneering role in the growth of children's literature in India. Known for his simple, lucid, and engaging prose, his stories often reflect his deep love for nature and life in the Himalayan foothills.


Textual Question & Answers


1. How does Toto come to grandfather’s private zoo?

Answer: Grandfather bought Toto from a tonga-driver for the sum of five rupees. The tonga-driver used to keep the little red monkey tied to a feeding trough, where he looked out of place. Grandfather, who had a private zoo, decided that the little fellow would be a great addition to his collection.


2. “Toto was a pretty monkey.” In what sense is Toto pretty?

Answer: Toto had bright eyes that sparkled with mischief beneath deep-set eyebrows. His teeth, which were a pearly white, were often displayed in a smile that frightened the life out of elderly Anglo-Indian ladies. His hands looked dried-up as though they had been pickled in the sun for many years. However, his fingers were quick and wicked, and his tail served as a third hand, adding to his "pretty" appearance.


3. Why does grandfather take Toto to Saharanpur and how? Why does the ticket collector insist on calling Toto a dog?

Answer: Grandfather took Toto to Saharanpur because he was too mischievous to be left alone with the other animals in the private zoo. He was carried in a big black canvas kit-bag. The ticket collector insisted on calling Toto a dog because there was no separate category in his rulebook for monkeys. Since Toto was a four-legged animal, the collector classified him as a dog to charge the three-rupee fare.



4. How does Toto take a bath? Where has he learnt to do this? How does Toto almost boil himself alive?

Answer: Toto would cunningly test the temperature of the water with his hand, then gradually step into the bath, first one foot, then the other, until he was in the water up to his neck. He had learnt this by watching the narrator. One day, he saw a large kitchen kettle left on the fire to boil for tea. Finding the water warm enough for a bath, he got in. As the water began to boil, he kept hopping up and down until Grandmother arrived and hauled him out, half-boiled.


5. Why does the author say, “Toto was not the sort of pet we could keep for long”?

Answer: Despite his cleverness, Toto was extremely destructive. He frequently tore clothes, shredded curtains, broke dishes, and ruined expensive wallpaper. The family was not well-to-do enough to afford the frequent loss of household items. Realizing that Toto's mischievous nature was causing too much trouble and financial loss, Grandfather eventually sold him back to the tonga-driver.




Very Short Answer Type Questions (1 Mark )


1. Who is the author of the story ‘The Adventures of Toto’

Answer: Ruskin Bond.


2. From whom did the Grandfather buy Toto?

Answer: A tonga-driver.


3. What was the purchase price of Toto?

Answer: Five rupees.


4. Why was Toto’s presence kept a secret from Grandmother?

Answer: Because she always fussed when Grandfather brought home a new bird or animal.


5. What color was Toto?

Answer: Bright red.


6. Where was Toto transferred after his initial stay in the narrator's bedroom?

Answer: To a big cage in the servants' quarters where other pets lived.


7. Name two other pets mentioned in Grandfather’s private zoo.

Answer: A tortoise, a pair of rabbits, a tame squirrel, and a goat.


8. Where did Grandfather have to go to collect his pension?

Answer: Saharanpur.


9. What kind of bag was used to carry Toto to Saharanpur?

Answer: A big black canvas kit-bag.


10. What did the ticket collector classify Toto as?

Answer: A dog.


1. How much fare did Grandfather pay for Toto at the railway station?

Answer: Three rupees.


12. What was the name of the family donkey?

Answer: Nana.


13. Why did Toto and Nana never become friends?

Answer: Because Toto bit Nana's long ears with his sharp teeth.


14. What dish did Toto try to eat before throwing the plate from a tree?

Answer: Pullao.


15. For how much did Grandfather finally sell Toto back to the tonga-driver?

Answer: Three rupees.



Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)


1. Who bought Toto from a tonga-driver? A) The Narrator B) Grandmother C) Grandfather D) The Ticket Collector 

Answer: C) Grandfather


2. What was the price at which Toto was bought? A) Three rupees B) Five rupees C) Seven rupees D) Ten rupees 

Answer: B) Five rupees


3. Why was Toto’s presence kept a secret in the house? A) He was very expensive B) He was dangerous C) Grandmother didn't like new pets D) The narrator was afraid of him 

Answer: C) Grandmother didn't like new pets


4. Where was Toto hidden on his first day? A) In a cage B) In a stable C) In a small closet in the narrator’s room D) In the garden 

Answer: C) In a small closet in the narrator’s room


5. What did Toto do to the narrator's school blazer? A) He wore it B) He hid it C) He tore it into shreds D) He threw it out the window 

Answer: C) He tore it into shreds


6. Which animal was NOT a part of Grandfather's private zoo? A) A tortoise B) A donkey C) A pair of rabbits D) A tiger

Answer: D) A tiger


7. Where did Grandfather have to go to collect his pension? A) Dehradun B) Saharanpur C) Lucknow D) Delhi 

Answer: B) Saharanpur


8. How did Toto travel to Saharanpur? A) In a cage B) In a black canvas kit-bag C) On Grandfather's shoulder D) In a basket

Answer: B) In a black canvas kit-bag


9. The ticket collector classified Toto as a: A) Monkey B) Dog C) Cat D) Human 

Answer: B) Dog


10. What was the name of the family donkey? A) Nana B) Toto C) Bruno D) Sheru

Answer: A) Nana


11. How did Toto almost boil himself alive? A) By jumping into a hot tub B) By sitting in a kettle on the fire C) By playing with matches D) By jumping into a soup bowl

Answer: B) By sitting in a kettle on the fire


12. What was Toto’s favorite treat during cold winter evenings? A) A bowl of pullao B) A large bowl of warm water for a bath C) Bananas D) Biscuits 

Answer: B) A large bowl of warm water for a bath


13. What did Toto throw at Grandmother when she screamed? A) A glass of water B) A plate C) A chair D) A shoe 

Answer: B) A plate


14. Where did Toto sit to eat the pullao? A) On the dining table B) In the branches of the jackfruit tree C) Under the bed D) On the roof 

Answer: B) In the branches of the jackfruit tree


15. At what price did Grandfather finally sell Toto back to the tonga-driver? A) Five rupees B) Two rupees C) Three rupees D) One rupee 

Answer: C) Three rupees

The Black Aeroplane Class 10 English - Summary, Question Answers & MCQs



About the Author


Frederick Forsyth (born 1938) is an English author and journalist, best known for his fast-paced thrillers and adventure stories. Before becoming a famous writer, he was a pilot in the Royal Air Force (RAF), which is why his stories about flying, like "The Black Aeroplane," feel so realistic and detailed.



Summary of the Lesson

"The Black Aeroplane" is a mystery story about a pilot who is flying his old Dakota aeroplane from France back to England. He is excited to have breakfast with his family, but suddenly finds himself surrounded by huge, mountain-like storm clouds. His compass and radio stop working, and he is lost in the dark storm.

Suddenly, he sees a mysterious black aeroplane with no lights on its wings. The pilot of the black plane gestures for him to follow. He follows the mysterious guide and safely lands at the airport. However, when he asks the lady in the control center about the other pilot, she tells him that no other planes were in the sky that night. The identity of the black aeroplane and its pilot remains an unsolved mystery.



Thinking about the Text (Question Answers)


Q1. "I’ll take the risk." What is the risk? Why does the narrator take it? 

Ans: The risk is flying the old Dakota aeroplane straight into the massive storm clouds. The narrator takes this risk because he is homesick and eager to reach England to enjoy a good English breakfast with his family.


Q2. Why does the narrator say, "I landed and was not sorry to walk away from the old Dakota..."? 

Ans: He says this because he had just survived a terrifying experience where his plane's instruments failed in a storm. He was relieved to be safe and was eager to find the pilot of the mysterious black aeroplane who had rescued him from certain death.


Q3. What made the woman in the control center look at the narrator strangely? 

Ans: She looked at him strangely because he asked about another aeroplane that had guided him through the storm. She knew that according to the radar, his was the only plane flying that night due to the terrible weather.





Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)


  1. Who is the author of 'The Black Aeroplane'? (a) Liam O’Flaherty (b) Frederick Forsyth (c) Roald Dahl (d) Paulo Coelho Correct Answer: (b)

  2. Which plane was the author flying? (a) Dakota DS 088 (b) Boeing 747 (c) Fighter Jet (d) Airbus Correct Answer: (a)

  3. The narrator was flying from ________ to ________. (a) England to France (b) France to England (c) France to India (d) England to USA Correct Answer: (b)

  4. What happened when the pilot entered the storm clouds? (a) The plane flew faster (b) The radio and compass stopped working (c) The engine caught fire (d) He saw the moon clearly Correct Answer: (b)

  5. What did the narrator see in the black clouds? (a) Another aeroplane with no lights (b) A bright star (c) A lightning bolt (d) A mountain top Correct Answer: (a)

  6. How much fuel was left in the second tank? (a) Enough for an hour (b) Enough for two hours (c) Only enough for five or ten minutes (d) The tank was full Correct Answer: (c)

  7. What was the pilot's first thought when he saw the storm? (a) To go back to Paris (b) To fly over the clouds (c) To land in the sea (d) To call for help Correct Answer: (a)

  8. Why couldn't the woman in the control room see the black plane? (a) It was invisible (b) It had no lights (c) There was no other plane on the radar (d) She wasn't looking Correct Answer: (c)

  9. What was the pilot looking forward to? (a) Meeting his friends (b) His holiday and breakfast with family (c) Training other pilots (d) Buying a new plane Correct Answer: (b)

  10. The story 'The Black Aeroplane' is a/an: (a) Comedy (b) Mystery (c) Autobiography (d) Fairy tale Correct Answer: (b)


Extra 1-mark Question Answers


1. What was the name of the plane the narrator was flying?

Ans: The narrator was flying an old Dakota DS 088 aero plane.


2. Where was the narrator going? 

Ans: He was flying from France back to his home in England.


3. Why was the narrator happy at the start of the journey? 

Ans: He was happy because he was dreaming of his holiday and looking forward to being with his family.


4. What did the narrator see in front of him about 150 kilometers from Paris? 

Ans: He saw huge, black storm clouds that looked like black mountains'


5. Why didn't the narrator fly up and over the storm clouds? 

Ans: He did not have enough fuel to fly around them to the north or south.


6. Which instruments stopped working in the storm? 

Ans: The compass and the radio stopped working.


7. How did the pilot of the black aeroplane help the narrator? 

Ans: The pilot waved his hand and signaled the narrator to follow him through the clouds.


8. Why was the narrator frightened again after following the black plane for a while? 

Ans: He was frightened because he realized he only had enough fuel left for five or ten more minutes.


9. What did the narrator find when he reached the control tower? 

Ans: He found that there were no other planes in the sky and no one else had seen the black aeroplane.


10. What is the mystery at the end of the story? 

Ans: The mystery is who the pilot of the black aeroplane was and how he helped the narrator land safely without any radar or lights.

His First Flight: Chapter Summary, Character Sketch, and Important Notes


 

About the Author

Liam O'Flaherty (1896–1984) was a significant Irish novelist and short-story writer and a major figure in the Irish Literary Renaissance. His works often involve nature and the struggle for survival, much like the story of the young seagull.


Summary of the Lesson

"His First Flight" is a motivational story about a young seagull who is afraid to fly. While his siblings have already taken their first flights, he remains alone on his ledge, terrified that his wings will not support him. His parents try to encourage and even threaten him with hunger, but he remains still. Eventually, driven by intense hunger, he dives for a piece of fish held by his mother. This fall forces him to spread his wings, and he discovers that he can fly, overcoming his fear and finding his independence.



Thinking about the Text (Question Answers)


Q1. Why was the young seagull afraid to fly? Do you think all young birds are afraid to make their first flight, or are some birds more timid than others? 

Ans: The young seagull was afraid to fly because it was his first time, and he lacked confidence. He felt certain that his wings would never support him and that he would fall into the vast sea below. While most young birds likely feel a natural hesitation, the story suggests that some, like the young seagull, can be more timid than others, especially when they overthink the danger.



Q2. "The sight of the food maddened him." What does this suggest? What compelled the young seagull to finally fly?

Ans: This suggests that the seagull was extremely hungry, having not eaten for twenty-four hours. Hunger eventually became stronger than his fear of flying. When his mother flew near him with a piece of fish but stopped just out of reach, his hunger compelled him to dive at the food. This dive forced him into the open air, triggering his natural instinct to spread his wings and fly.



Q3. "They were beckoning to him, calling shrilly." Why did the seagull’s father and mother threaten him and cajole him to fly? 

Ans: They threatened and cajoled him because they knew that flying was essential for his survival. They wanted him to overcome his cowardice so he could feed himself. They even threatened to let him starve on the ledge to show him that the fear of hunger should be greater than the fear of falling.



One mark question -answers:


1. Who is the author of the story "His First Flight"? 

Ans: Liam O’Flaherty.


2. Why was the young seagull afraid to fly? 

Ans: He was afraid because he lacked confidence and felt certain that his wings would not support him.


3. How long had the young seagull been alone on his ledge? 

Ans: He had been alone for twenty-four hours.


4. What did the seagull’s mother do to tempt him to fly?

Ans: She flew near him with a piece of fish in her beak but stopped just out of his reach.


5. What "maddened" the young seagull?

Ans: The sight of the food (fish) maddened him because he was starving.


6. What was the young seagull’s first natural reaction when he fell from the ledge?

Ans: His wings spread outwards automatically, and he began to flap them.


7. How did the seagull’s family celebrate his first flight? 

Ans: They flew around him, screaming with joy, praising him, and offering him scraps of dog-fish.


8. Where did the seagull land after his first flight?

Ans: He landed on the green surface of the sea.


9. What happened when the seagull first touched the green sea?

Ans: His feet sank into the water, and he was afraid, but then his belly touched it and he began to float.


10. What is the central theme of the story "His First Flight"? 

Ans: The central theme is overcoming fear through self-confidence and the necessity of taking a "leap of faith."



Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

  1. Who is the author of 'His First Flight'?(a) Liam O’Flaherty (b) Frederick Forsyth (c) Roald Dahl (d) Paulo Coelho Correct Answer: (a)

  2. What was the young seagull afraid of? (a) Running fast (b) Swimming (c) Flying (d) Catching fish Correct Answer: (c)

  3. How many brothers and sisters did the young seagull have? (a) One brother and one sister (b) Two brothers and one sister (c) Two brothers and two sisters (d) One brother and two sisters Correct Answer: (b)

  4. What did the seagull’s parents threaten him with if he didn’t fly? (a) Punishment (b) Leaving him behind (c) Starvation (d) Scolding Correct Answer: (c)

  5. Why did the seagull’s mother stop midway while giving him fish? (a) She was tired (b) She wanted him to dive for the food (c) She forgot the way (d) She saw a predator  Correct Answer: (b)

  6. "The sight of the _______ maddened him." (a) Sea (b) Food (c) Sky (d) Family Correct Answer: (b)

  7. What happened when the young seagull dived at the fish? (a) He fell into the sea and drowned (b) His mother caught him (c) He felt a monstrous terror, then his wings spread out (d) He flew back to his ledge Correct Answer: (c)

  8. What was the seagull's first meal after his flight? (a) A piece of dog-fish (b) A herring (c) An insect (d) A piece of bread Correct Answer: (a)

  9. How did the seagull feel when he finally landed on the sea? (a) He was terrified and sank (b) He floated easily after his belly touched the water (c) He started swimming immediately (d) He flew away again Correct Answer: (b)

  10. What is the message of the story? (a) Always listen to your parents (b) Fear is permanent (c) One must overcome fear to succeed (d) Birds should not be kept alone Correct Answer: (c)

The Little Girl Class 9: Detailed Notes and Important Extra Questions


About the lesson:

 The Little Girl" by Katherine Mansfield tells the story of Kezia, a young girl who is deeply afraid of her strict and hardworking father. She perceives him as cold and giant-like, especially after he punishes her for accidentally ruining his important speech papers to make him a birthday gift. However, her perspective changes one night when she has a terrifying nightmare while her mother and grandmother are away. Her father carries her to his bed and comforts her with unexpected tenderness. Kezia realizes that her father isn't cruel, but simply tired from his daily struggles, discovering that he actually has a "big, loving heart."


About the poet:

Katherine Mansfield (1888–1923) was a prominent modernist writer born and raised in New Zealand.She is widely considered one of the most influential short story writers of the early 20th century.Her writing is famous for focusing on psychological depth, family dynamics, and the inner feelings of her characters.In "The Little Girl," she brilliantly captures the innocence of childhood and the complexities of parent-child relationships.Her unique style often explores how small, everyday moments can lead to a significant change in a person's perspective.


Thinking about the text:


II. Answer the following in one or two sentences.


1.Why was Kezia afraid of her father/

Ans: Kezia was afraid of her father because he was strict and physically intimidating, appearing to her like a giant who often spoke harshly and punished her.


2.Who were the people in Kezia'a family?

Ans: The people in Kezia’s family were her father, her mother, her grandmother, and Kezia herself. They also had a cook named Alice who stayed with them.


3.What was Kezia’s father’s routine? 

Ans: Before going to his office, he would come to Kezia’s room for a casual kiss. After returning in the evening, he would loudly demand his tea and paper in the drawing-room while Kezia helped him take off his boots. On Sundays, he would stretch out on the sofa with a handkerchief over his face to sleep soundly.


4. In what ways did Kezia's grandmother encourage her to get to know her father better?

Ans: Kezia’s grandmother encouraged her to interact with her parents by sending her down to the drawing-room on Sunday afternoons to have a "nice talk" with them. She also suggested that Kezia make a pin-cushion out of beautiful yellow silk as a birthday gift for her father to show her affection.


III. Discuss these values of the story in three or four paragraphs.


Q1. Kezia’s efforts to please her father resulted in displeasing him very much. How did this happen?

Ans: Kezia’s grandmother suggested she make a pin-cushion as a birthday gift for her father. While Kezia was full of good intentions and worked hard to stitch three sides of the cushion, she made a critical mistake while looking for stuffing. She found some fine sheets of paper on her father’s bed table, tore them into tiny pieces, and stuffed them inside the cushion.

Unfortunately, those papers contained her father’s important speech for the Port Authority. When the loss was discovered, the house was searched, and Kezia eventually confessed. Despite her innocent motive to please him, her father was furious and punished her by hitting her pink palms with a ruler. This event deepened Kezia's fear and created a temporary wall of misunderstanding between the father and the daughter.



Q2. Kezia decides that there are "different kinds of fathers." What kind of father was Mr. Macdonald, and how was he different from Kezia’s father?

Ans: Through a gap in the fence, Kezia observed her neighbor, Mr. Macdonald, playing with his five children. He was a joyful, lively, and affectionate father. He played "tag" in the garden, let his children hang onto his coat pockets, and laughed heartily with them. There was no fear in their relationship, only pure love and fun.

In contrast, Kezia’s father was the embodiment of discipline and coldness. He was hardworking and often tired, which made him irritable and strict. He never played with Kezia or spoke to her kindly; instead, he gave orders and looked at her in a way that terrified her. This comparison led Kezia to believe that while some fathers were kind like Mr. Macdonald, hers was "cruel" and "giant-like," though she later realized his harshness was due to his exhausting lifestyle.



EXTRA QUESTION -ANSWERS (one mark each)


1. Who is the author of the story "The Little Girl"?

Ans: Katherine Mansfield.


2. Why was Kezia afraid of her father?

Ans: She was afraid of him because he was very strict, loud, and looked like a giant to her.


3. What did Kezia's grandmother suggest she make for her father's birthday?

Ans: She suggested Kezia make a beautiful yellow silk pin-cushion.


4. What did Kezia use to stuff the pin-cushion? 

Ans: She used the torn pieces of her father’s important speech papers.


5. Who were the Macdonalds? 

Ans: They were Kezia’s neighbors who had five children and played happily together.


6. Why did Kezia’s father punish her with a ruler? 

Ans: He punished her for touching and ruining his important papers for the Port Authority.


7. How did Kezia feel when her father went to work every morning?

Ans: She felt a sense of glad relief when the sound of his carriage grew fainter.


8. What happened to Kezia when her mother and grandmother were at the hospital?

Ans: She had a terrifying nightmare about a butcher with a knife and a rope.


9. Who comforted Kezia during her nightmare? 

Ans: Her father comforted her by carrying her to his bed and tucking her in.


10. What did Kezia realize about her father at the end of the story? 

Ans: She realized that he had a "big heart" but was too tired from hard work to be playful.



Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

1. Who is the author of the story ‘The Little Girl’?

  • (a) Robert Frost

  • (b) Katherine Mansfield

  • (c) Isaac Asimov

  • (d) Coates Kinney

  • Correct Answer: (b)

2. Kezia’s father appeared to her as a:

  • (a) Giant

  • (b) Fairy

  • (c) Friend

  • (d) Hero

  • Correct Answer: (a)

3. Why did Kezia stutter only in front of her father?

  • (a) She had a speech defect

  • (b) She was trying too hard to say words properly out of fear

  • (c) She was mocking him

  • (d) She was cold

  • Correct Answer: (b)

4. On Sunday afternoons, grandmother sent Kezia to the drawing-room to:

  • (a) Play with her toys

  • (b) Clean the room

  • (c) Have a nice talk with her parents

  • (d) Sleep on the sofa

  • Correct Answer: (c)

5. What did Kezia use to stuff the pin-cushion?

  • (a) Cotton and wool

  • (b) Old rags

  • (c) Important papers belonging to her father

  • (d) Dry leaves

  • Correct Answer: (c)

6. Who was Mr. Macdonald?

  • (a) Kezia’s uncle

  • (b) The next-door neighbor

  • (c) The family cook

  • (d) Kezia’s school teacher

  • Correct Answer: (b)

7. How many children did Mr. Macdonald have?

  • (a) Two

  • (b) Three

  • (c) Four

  • (d) Five

  • Correct Answer: (d)

8. What was the "nightmare" that Kezia often had?

  • (a) A dark forest with no exit

  • (b) A butcher with a knife and a rope

  • (c) Falling from a high mountain

  • (d) Being lost in a market

  • Correct Answer: (b)

9. Who took care of Kezia when she woke up screaming from her nightmare?

  • (a) Her mother

  • (b) Her grandmother

  • (c) Her father

  • (d) Alice the cook

  • Correct Answer: (c)

10. What did Kezia realize about her father at the end of the story?

  • (a) He was a cruel man

  • (b) He didn't love her at all

  • (c) He was too busy to play but had a big, loving heart

  • (d) He was very lazy

  • Correct Answer: (c)

Wind Poem Class 9 English - Notes, Summary, and Important Questions-answers


 About the poem:


About the poet: Subramania Bharati (1882–1921) was a great Tamil poet, famous for his patriotism in the pre-independence era. He is considered the father of the modern Tamil style. While he wrote the poem in Tamil, it was later translated into English by A.K. Ramanujan, a celebrated Indian poet and scholar known for his translations of classical and modern literature.


Summary of the Poet:

The poem "Wind" is divided into two main parts: The Destructive Force: In the first part, the poet describes the wind as a mischievous and powerful force. It breaks window shutters, scatters papers, and throws books down from shelves. It "pokes fun" at weaklings by crumbling their houses, doors, and hearts. The Power of Resilience: In the second part, the poet advises the readers to stop complaining about the wind's destruction. Instead, he suggests building strong homes, firm doors, and "steadfast hearts."



Thinking about the poem:


Q.1. What are the things the wind does in the first stanza? 

Ans: In the first stanza, the wind displays its destructive power. It breaks the shutters of the windows, scatters papers, throws down books from the shelf, and even tears the pages of the books. It also brings rain.



Q2. What does the poet say the wind god winnows? 

Ans: The poet says that the wind god winnows "all that crumbles"—frail houses, crumbling doors, rafters, wood, bodies, lives, and hearts. Just as wheat is separated from chaff, the wind separates the weak from the strong, crushing those who are not firm.



Q.3. What should we do to make friends with the wind? 

Ans: To make friends with the wind, we must build strong homes and fix the doors firmly. We also need to train our bodies to be tough and make our hearts "steadfast" or unwavering. Essentially, we must become physically and mentally strong.



Q.4. What do the last four lines of the poem mean to you? 

Ans: The last four lines convey a powerful message about resilience. The wind blows out weak fires but makes strong fires roar and flourish. Similarly, challenges crush the weak but help the strong grow even more powerful. If we are strong, the "wind" (hardships) becomes a friend that helps us improve.


Extra question Answer -1 mark each


1.Who is the poet of the poem ‘Wind’? 

Ans: The poem was originally written by Subramania Bharati in Tamil and translated into English by A.K. Ramanujan.


2.What does the wind symbolize in this poem? 

Ans: The wind symbolizes the difficulties, challenges, and obstacles that people face in life.


3.What is the effect of the wind on "weak fires"? 

Ans: The wind blows out weak fires, signifying how hardships can defeat those who are not mentally or physically strong.


4.How can we make the wind our friend?

Ans: We can make the wind our friend by building strong homes, firm doors, and making ourselves physically and mentally tough?


5.What does the wind do to the books in the first stanza? 

Ans: The wind throws the books down from the shelf and tears their pages.


6.Whom does the wind poke fun at?

Ans: The wind pokes fun at "weaklings" or frail things that crumble easily under pressure.


7.What is the "winnowing" action of the wind god?

Ans: The wind god winnows (cleans/shifts) and crushes everything that is weak, like crumbling houses, doors, and hearts.


8.What does the poet mean by "steadfast heart"? 

Ans: A "steadfast heart" refers to a firm, determined, and strong mind that does not give up in the face of adversity.




MCQ


. Who is the poet of the poem 'Wind'?

  • (a) Robert Frost

  • (b) Subramania Bharati

  • (c) Coates Kinney

  • (d) Phoebe Cary

  • Correct Answer: (b)

2. What does the poet ask the wind to do at the beginning of the poem?

  • (a) To come loudly

  • (b) To come softly

  • (c) To bring heavy rain

  • (d) To blow out the fires

  • Correct Answer: (b)

3. The wind is compared to a _______ in the poem.

  • (a) Destructive god

  • (b) Kind friend

  • (c) Playful child

  • (d) Silent observer

  • Correct Answer: (a)

4. What happens to "weak fires" when the wind blows?

  • (a) They grow stronger

  • (b) They stay the same

  • (c) They are blown out

  • (d) They turn into smoke

  • Correct Answer: (c)

5. According to the poet, what should we build to face the wind?

  • (a) Mud houses

  • (b) Weak doors

  • (c) Strong homes

  • (d) Bamboo sheds

  • Correct Answer: (c)

6. What does the wind do to the pages of the books?

  • (a) It colors them

  • (b) It tears them

  • (c) It reads them

  • (d) It turns them carefully

  • Correct Answer: (b)

7. The "winnowing" of the wind god refers to:

  • (a) Planting new seeds

  • (b) Cleaning the streets

  • (c) Sifting the weak from the strong

  • (d) Bringing heavy clouds

  • Correct Answer: (c)

8. What is the final attitude of the poet towards the wind?

  • (a) Fear

  • (b) Anger

  • (c) Respect and friendship

  • (d) Indifference

  • Correct Answer: (c)


Nelson Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom | Class 10 English Notes


 ABOUT THE LESSON:

The lesson is an extract from Nelson Mandela’s autobiography, describing the historic day of May 10, 1994. It highlights the swearing-in ceremony of Nelson Mandela as the first Black President of democratic South Africa. The event marked the official end of 'Apartheid,' a brutal system of racial discrimination against Black people. Mandela notes that the presence of international leaders signified a "common victory for justice, peace, and human dignity. He pays a heartfelt tribute to the countless African patriots who sacrificed their lives to end the oppression. Mandela teaches that courage is not the absence of fear, but the triumph over it. He explains that every man has dual duties—one to his family and one to his community and country. He reflects on how his understanding of freedom grew from a childhood "illusion" to a lifelong struggle for his people's rights. He uniquely argues that both the oppressor and the oppressed are robbed of their humanity and must be liberated. The lesson concludes with the vision of a new South Africa where everyone is treated equally regardless of their skin color.


ABOUT THE AUTHOR:

Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (1918–2013) was a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary and political leader. He served as the first Black President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999.In South Africa, he is often referred to as "Madiba" or the "Father of the Nation." He spent his life fighting against the institutionalized racism of the apartheid system. For his activism, he was imprisoned for 27 years, primarily on Robben Island. In 1993, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize (along with F.W. de Klerk) for his work in peacefully ending apartheid. Mandela is globally recognized as a symbol of peace, forgiveness, and extraordinary resilience. This lesson is an excerpt from his famous autobiography, Long Walk to Freedom, published in 1994. His life story inspires people worldwide to stand up against injustice and inequality.


ORAL COMPREHENSION CHECK - 1


Q1. Where did the ceremonies take place? Can you name any public buildings in India that are made of sandstone.

 Ans: The ceremonies took place in the lovely sandstone Amphitheatre formed by the Union Buildings in Pretoria. In India, several public buildings are made of sandstone, such as the Rashtrapati Bhavan, the Red Fort, and the Parliament House in New Delhi.


Q2. Can you say how 10 May is an ‘autumn day’ in South Africa? 

Ans: South Africa is in the Southern Hemisphere. Therefore, the month of May falls in the autumn season there. Symbolically, it also marked the "autumn" or the end of the old, decaying system of apartheid and the birth of a new, vibrant democratic nation.


Q3. At the beginning of his speech, Mandela mentions “an extraordinary human disaster”. What does he mean by this? What is the “glorious … human achievement” he speaks of at the end?

Ans: * The Extraordinary Human Disaster: Mandela refers to the practice of Apartheid, where Black people were treated brutally and denied basic human rights based on their skin color.

  • The Glorious Human Achievement: He refers to the establishment of South Africa's first democratic, non-racial government, where all people are treated equally regardless of race.


Q4. What does Mandela thank the international leaders for? 


Ans: Mandela thanks the international leaders for coming to take possession with the people of South Africa of what is, after all, a common victory for justice, for peace, and for human dignity. Their presence signified that the world supported the end of apartheid.


Q5. What ideals does he set out for the future of South Africa? 

Ans: Mandela pledges to liberate all his people from the continuing bondage of poverty, deprivation, suffering, gender, and other discrimination. He dreams of a land where the sun shall never set on so glorious a human achievement.




ORAL COMPREHENSION CHECK-2



Q:1.  What do the military generals do? How has their attitude changed, and why? 

Ans: The highest military generals of the South African defense force and police saluted Mandela and pledged their loyalty. Their attitude had changed significantly; years before, they would not have saluted him but would have arrested him. This change occurred because a new, democratic government had been formed, and Mandela was now the President of a free nation.


Q.2. Why were two national anthems sung?

Ans: Two national anthems were sung—the old anthem of the Republic (‘Die Stem’) and the new anthem of the Black population (‘Nkosi Sikelel’ iAfrika’). Mandela chose to have both sung to show that the new government respected all citizens equally, regardless of their skin color. It marked the transition from a divided, racist past to a unified, "rainbow nation" where the white and black populations could live together in harmony.


Q.3. How does Mandela describe the system of government in his country ?


(i)in the first decade

Ans: In the first decade the racial discrimination between the blacks and white, the whites set themselves on higher pedestal and created grounds for one of the gravest racial discrimination the world had ever known. The dark skinned were treated as inferior in their own land and were denied even basic human rights.


(ii) in the final decade of the twentieth century?


Ans: In the final decade of twentieth century the racial discrimination was eradicated and was replaced by equal rights for all, irrespective of their colour.


 

Q.4. What does courage mean to Mandela?


Ans: Mandela’s definition of courage did not mean absence of fear but victory over fear. A man should not be fearless. He should acknowledge the fear and gather courage to fight against it.



Q.5. Which does he think is natural, to love or to hate?


Ans: It is natural for the human heart to love than to hate, according to Mandela.




ORAL COMPREHENSION CHECK - 3



Q1. What ‘twin obligations’ does Mandela mention?


Ans: Mandela mentions that every man has twin (two) obligations:

  1. To his family: This includes his parents, his wife, and his children.

  2. To his people: This includes his community and his country.


Q2. What did being free mean to Mandela as a boy, and as a student? How does he contrast these ‘transitory freedoms’ with ‘the basic and honourable freedoms’? 


Ans: * As a boy: Freedom meant being able to run in the fields, swim in the clear stream, and roast mealies under the stars.

  • As a student: He wanted "transitory freedoms"—personal freedoms like staying out late, reading what he pleased, and going where he chose.

  • The Contrast: He contrasts these with "basic and honourable freedoms," which involve achieving one's potential, earning a living, marrying, and having a family—freedoms that are not obstructed by a law-abiding government but were denied under apartheid.


Q3. Does Mandela think the oppressor is free? Why/Why not?

Ans: No, Mandela believes the oppressor is not free. He argues that an oppressor is a "prisoner of hatred" and is locked behind the bars of prejudice and narrow-mindedness. He famously stated that both the oppressor and the oppressed are alike robbed of their humanity.


Thinking about the Text


1. Why did such a large number of international leaders attend the inauguration? What did it signify the triumph of?


Ans: The Britishers ruled over various countries around the world and exploited them for their own gains. Nelson Mandela became the President of South Africa, after three hundred years of oppression. This signifies their win against the oppressors.


    The presence of international leaders signifies their appreciation of the struggle that Africa went through. It showed that all the nations around the world were standing in unity with Africa.



2. What does Mandela mean when he says he is “simply the sum of all those African patriots” who had gone before him?


Ans: Mandela was inspired by the passion of individuals and freedom fighters. He believed that those patriots who died, without their sacrifice, this would not have been possible. He held their sacrifice as well as the other citizens who sacrificed themselves for the nation at zenith. He paid tribute to all the lives who took part in freedom struggle and worked towards what they dreamed for Africa .



3. Would you agree that the “depths of oppression” create “heights of character? How does Mandela illustrate this? Can you add your own examples to this argument?


Ans: Yes, I believe that “depths of oppression” create “heights of character.” It is when we face adverse situations. Such situations help us to come out of our comfort zone and discover the strength that lies deep within us. Nelson Mandela did the same. He was ready to sacrifice himself for the freedom of his nation. He spent 27 years in prison and then became the first President of independent South Africa.



4. How did Mandela’s understanding of freedom change with age and experience?


Ans: Mandela was a part of an African neglected tribe. Mandela was concerned about his own freedom. He considered himself to be free since he wasn't imposed with any restrictions. He was just asked to abide by his father’s and communities' rules. As he grew up he realized his narrow view of freedom. He understood that it's not only his freedom that matters but also other fellow black members and the residents of the country. It was after this realized he joined ANC to achieve this aim.



5. How did Mandela’s ‘hunger for freedom’ change his life?


Ans: Realization about the importance of the freedom of the country made Mandela alert when he was young. He eventually realized that if the citizens of his country aren't free then his freedom is worthless. He held in his heart a desire for non-racial society irrespective of black or white. His own hunger for freedom grew into hunger for the freedom of his own people. Then he joined the African National Congress and eventually reached his goal.




1 MARK QUESTION AND ANSWERS.




1.When was the inauguration day?


Ans: 10th May 1994.




2. Where did the ceremonies take place? 


Ans: In the sandstone Amphitheatre of the Union Buildings in Pretoria.





3. What was the name of the system of racial discrimination in South Africa? 


Ans: Apartheid.




4. Who was sworn in as the second deputy president? 


Ans: Mr. de Klerk.




5.Who was sworn in as the first deputy president? 


Ans: Thabo Mbeki.




6. How many years did Mandela spend in prison? 


Ans: 30 years (He mentions nearly three decades).




7. Which party did Nelson Mandela join? 



Ans: The African National Congress (ANC).




8. According to Mandela, what is a nation’s greatest wealth?



Ans: Its people (not gems and diamonds).




9. How does Mandela define courage? 



Ans: Courage is the triumph over fear, not the absence of it.




10. What are the "twin obligations" every man has? 



Ans: Obligations to his family and obligations to his country/people.




11. What colors did the new South African flag possess? 



Ans: Black, red, green, blue, and gold.





12. Why were two national anthems sung? 



Ans: To symbolize equality and the unity of blacks and whites.




13. What "extraordinary human disaster" does Mandela refer to? 



Ans: The practice of Apartheid.





14. What does Mandela say about a man who takes away another man's freedom? 



Ans: He is a prisoner of hatred.





15. What is the title of Nelson Mandela’s autobiography? 



Ans: Long Walk to Freedom.





16. What produced "men of extraordinary courage, wisdom, and generosity"? 



Ans: Decades of oppression and brutality.





17. Is a person born hating another according to Mandela? 



Ans: No, people must learn to hate; and if they can learn to hate, they can be taught to love.





18. Which season did the 10th of May fall in South Africa? 



Ans: Autumn.





19. What did the smoke trail of Impala jets symbolize?



Ans: The new South African flag.





20. Who is a "brave man" according to Mandela? 



Ans: One who conquers his fear.




Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)


1. On which day did the inauguration ceremony take place? 

A) 10 May

B) 10 March

C) 20 May

D) 20 March

Ans: A) 10 May



2. What was the venue of the inauguration?

A) Parliament House

B) Union Buildings Amphitheatre

C) Robben Island

D) Johannesburg Stadium

Ans: B) Union Buildings Amphitheatre



3. How many years did Mandela spend in prison?

A) 20 years

B) 27 years

C) 30 years

D) 15 years

Ans: C) 30 years (Note: He mentions "nearly three decades")


4. The system of "Apartheid" was based on: 

A) Religion

B) Language

C) Race

D) Gender

Ans: C) Race


5. Who was sworn in as the First Deputy President?

A) Thabo Mbeki

B) Mr. de Klerk

C) Nelson Mandela

D) Oliver Tambo

Ans: A) Thabo Mbeki



6. What does "extraordinary human disaster" refer to in the speech?

A) World War II

B) The system of Apartheid

C) The Great Depression

D) A natural calamity

Ans: B) The system of Apartheid


7. According to Mandela, what is the greatest wealth of a nation? 

A) Diamonds

B) Gold

C) Its people

) Its military

Ans: C) Its people


8. What is the "triumph over fear" called?

A) Love

B) Courage

C) Liberty

D) Strength

Ans: B) Courage


9. Why were two national anthems sung? 

A) To prolong the ceremony

B) To show the musical talent of the country

C) To symbolize unity and equality

D) To respect the international guests

Ans: C) To symbolize unity and equality



10. What are the "twin obligations" Mandela talks about?

A) To work and to play

B) To family and to his people/country

C) To the law and to the church

D) To himself and to his friends

Ans: B) To family and to his people/country


11. A man who takes away another man’s freedom is:

A) A hero

B) Free himself

C) A prisoner of hatred

D) A revolutionary

Ans: C) A prisoner of hatred


12. Which party did Nelson Mandela join?

A) African National Party

B) African National Congress

C) South African Congress

D) International Peace Party

Ans: B) African National Congress (ANC)



13. What did Mandela realize about his childhood freedom? 

A) It was permanent

B) It was an illusion

C) It was a gift from his parents

D) It was better than adulthood

Ans: B) It was an illusion



14. The "depths of oppression" create: 

A) Heights of character

B) Poverty

C) Rebellion

D) Fear

Ans: A) Heights of character



15. What is the name of Mandela's autobiography?

A) My Experiments with Truth

B) Long Walk to Freedom

C) Freedom from Fear

D) The Story of My Life

Ans: B) Long Walk to Freedom