FOOTPRINTS WITHOUT FEET_____BY H G.WELLS..(Class -X, Supplementary Book)

FOOTPRINTS WITHOUT FEET_____BY H G.WELLS..(Class -X, Supplementary Book)

   April 03, 2026       RSC

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About the lesson::

:Footprints Without Feet," authored by H.G. Wells, is a science fiction story .This story explores the consequences of misusing scientific discoveries. The story revolves around a brilliant but arrogant scientist named Griffin who discovers a formula to make the human body invisible, but he lacks the moral compass to use it responsibly. 

 After becoming invisible, Griffin becomes a lawless, chaotic figure who commits theft and assault to survive in the cold winter, leading to his isolation and ultimate downfall.

 The story refers to the mysterious footprints left in the mud by the invisible Griffin, which are noticed by two boys in London.

Griffin is portrayed as a genius yet sociopathic character who misuses his power for selfish gains rather than for the betterment of society.  

The basic themes include the misuse of scientific knowledge, the danger of unchecked ambition, and the negative consequences of social isolation.

About the Author::

:The story "Footprints Without Feet" was written by the renowned English author Herbert George Wells. A pioneering science fiction writer born in 1866, Wells is well-known for works exploring scientific advancements, including The Invisible Man, which features the same protagonist, Griffin, a scientist who misuses his discovery. H.G.Wells was the founding father of science fiction, he also wrote The Time Machine and The War of the Worlds.

TEXTUAL QUESTION ANSWER:

PAGE: 26

1. How did the invisible man becme visible?

Ans: The invisible man Grifin was a scientist. He becomes visible mysteriously. In fact, when the couple (Mr & Mrs. Hall) went to meet him in the open door room, he was not present there. Again, when they went to the closed room, he was present inside.

2. Why was he wandering in the street?

Ans: The invisible scientist Griffin stayed in a rented room. When the landlord asked for rent, he set fire out of anger.  He escaped without being seen since he was clotheless and barefoot. He felt cold and was wandering in the streeet of London.

PAGE-28

1.Why does Mrs.& Mrs. Hall find the scientist eccentric.?

Ans: The landlord and landlady of Iping, Mr. and Mrs. Hall found the scientist eccentric Or strange. Her efforts to be friendly with the scientist was in vain. When she wanted to talk to him, Griffin showed no interest at all. He rather told her that he wanted loneliness.

2.What curious episode occurs in the study?

Ans: The curious episode that occurs in the study is that one morning the clergyman and his wife find that their money had lost. They understood that some unknown person had stolen their money from their desk(room) downstairs. But as they entrer the room cautiously and tiptoed, it was strange that there was nobody inside.

3. What other extraordinary things happened at the inn ?

Ans: When the scientist Griffin stayed in the inn, many extra ordinary things happened. For example, once the landlord and his wife found the door of Griffin's room open, but there was no one inside. Mrs. Hall heard the sniff close to her ear. Then the hat on the bedpost leapt up and dashed itself into her face. Again a chair inside the room flew into the air, sharged straight at Mrs. Hall and  she rushed out of the room being in a state of hysteria.

PAGE--31.

1. "Griffin was rather a lawless person." Discuss.

Ans:-Griffin was short tempered scientist. He became aggry easily. Inspite of being a brilliant scientist, he gradually become a homeless wanderer..

   Grifffin did not think seriously before attacking any person.. Specially during his stay in Iping, he did many harmful activities. He did not hesitate to steal shops and also hit shopkeepers at theatre shops from behind. He also set fire into his landlords house. He even threw chair towards the landlady at Iping. He had stolen money from the clergyman's  study.

     Overall, Griffin misused his power of invisibility and behaved rudely with others very often.

2. How would you consider Griffin as a scientist?

Griffin was a successful and genius scientist who discovered a way to make the human body invisible. However, he misused his discovery for personal gain and caused fear in others, which means he cannot be considered a true scientist.After repeated experiments, Griffin had discovered how to make the human body transparent. This was a big achievement. However, he misused his discovery for personal gains and for hurting others. Thus, though he can be termed as a brilliant scientist, he was not a noble one.

MCQ's QUESTIONS. 

Q1- Who is the author of the story “Footprints without feet”?

 A) HG Wells 

B) James Herriot 

C) John Keats

 D) WB Butler

 Q2- “THE two boys started in surprise at the fresh muddy imprints of a pair of _____”

 A) bare feet 

B) shoes 

C) tyres 

D) none of th

Q3- He was leaving his imprints in _____

 A) Paris

 B) London 

C) Iping 

D) Canada

 Q4- What is the meaning of “bewildered”?

 A) perplexed ]

B) confused 

C) puzzled 

D) all of the above

Q5- Who were the boys following?

 A) a scientist 

B) a dog

 C) a rat 

D) none of the above

Q6- What was he working on? 

A) making fake footprints 

B) making human bodies invisible 

C) making a fool of children 

D) all of the above

Q7- “Brilliant scientist though he was, Griffin was rather a _____ person.” 

A) lawless 

B) lawful 

C) good 

D) rude

Q.8. Griffin’s body became as transparent as _____

 A) glass

 B) ice 

C) air 

D) none of the above

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THE ROAD NOT TAKEN.........By Robert Frost

THE ROAD NOT TAKEN.........By Robert Frost

   April 01, 2026       RSC

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ABOUT THE POEM.........

"The Road Not Taken" was composed  by the noted American poet Robert Frost. 

His The Road Not Taken is   a famous poem about making choices in human life. This poemi is  often interpreted as a celebration of individual decision for taking the "less travelled" path or route. This very  poem actually explores the difficulty of choices, as the speaker admits both paths looked  same in that morning. finally after smooth observation he chose the less travelled path and resolved that  he will be telling with sigh in future that his choice or  decision "made all the difference". 

ABOUT THE POET....

This well known poem was written by the famous American poet Robert Frost in 1915, "The Road Not Taken" is a famous nature poem. Frost was a  four-time Pulitzer Prize winner. He used traditional rhyme and meter to explore complex human isolation in his poems. His famous works of poem include "The Road Not Taken," "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening," "Mending Wall" and many more.

TEXT (of the poem)

 THE ROAD NOT TAKEN

Two roads diverged in a yellow wood,

And sorry I could not travel both

And be one traveler, long I stood

And looked down one as far as I could

To where it bent in the undergrowth;

Then took the other, as just as fair,

And having perhaps the better claim,

Because it was grassy and wanted wear;

Though as for that the passing there

Had worn them really about the same,

And both that morning equally lay

In leaves no step had trodden black.

Oh, I kept the first for another day!

Yet knowing how way leads on to way,

I doubted if I should ever come back.

I shall be telling this with a sigh

Somewhere ages and ages hence:

Two roads diverged in a wood, and I—

I took the one less traveled by,

And that has made all the difference.

THINKING ABOUT THE TEXT...

1. Where does the traveller find himself? What problem does he face?

Ans:- One morning the traveler found himself at apoint in a yellow wood which diverged into two different directions.

2. Discuss what these phrases  mean to you.

A) A yellow wood.

B) It was grassy and wanted wear.

C) The passing there.

D)Leaves no step had trodden black.

E) How way leads on the way.

Ans:-a) Here, yellow wood stands for the woods in the autumn season. In this season, leaves turn to ripe before they fall in winter.

B) It means that the road had grass as it was less travelled by the common passers by or traveler.

C) 'Passing there means walking through the road.

D) This means the leaves had not been crushed under the feet of the passer by.

E) This means that one road takes us to many other roads in day to day life.

3. Is there any difference between the two roads as the poet describe them ?

Ans:- Yes, there is difference between the two roads in stanza two and three.. Although in that morning both the roads looked equally lay, the first one seemed much travelled. On the other hand the other one was less travelled since it had wanted wear.

2. In the last two lines of the poem?

Ans:- In the last two lines of the poem the poet tells that the road that he chose-is less travelled by. This has made all difference in his life.

4. What do you think the last two lines of the poem mean ?

Ans:- In the last two lines the poet has clarified that his choice of the less travelled road has made all difference in his life .It mans that the occupation he had chosen is not common.

        Moreover, the poet does not regret of his choice. He says that choices are irrevocable.

INSIDE / EXTRA QUESTION - ANSWER:

1.Who is the poet of the poem ?

Ans:- Robert Frost is the poet.

2. How many roads were there before the poet?

Ans:- There were two roads before the poet.

3.Why did the forest look yellow/

Ans: The forest looked yellow because it was covered with yellow coloured leaves of trees.'

4. Where did the road diverge ?

Ans: The road diverged in a yellow wood into two directions.

5. Why did the poet (traveler) chose the other road?

Ans: The poet (traveler) chose the other road because it seemed better, grassy and with wanted wear.

6. Why was the traveler confused in choosing one of the two roads?

Ans; The speaker was confused to choose , for both the roads looked same in that morning.

7. Why did the traveler chose the less travelled road?

Ans: The traveler chose the less travelled road since it was grassy and with wanted wear.

8. What made all the difference?

Ans: The poet's choice of the less travelled road had made all the difference, which he would say with a sigh in future.

DIFFICULT WORS MEANING::

Bent-- curved or angular

Cllaim-- assert strongly

B) 

I. Where does traveler find himself ? What problem did he face?

Ans: The traveler found himself ina yellow wood where the road diverged into two.

    

   The problem that he faced was that he could not choose which road he should follow.

Ii) Why did the poet feel like travelling both the roads?

Ans: The poet felt like travelling both the roads as both the roads looked yellow, untrodden and equally fair and promising.

Iii)What was the doubt in the poet's mind ?

Ans: The poet doubted that if he would be able to come back to travel the first road in future or not.

IV) What does the word 'wood' refer to in the poem?

Ans: The word 'wood' refers to a cluster of trees growing wild which look like a mini forest.

V) What is  'In leaves no step had trodden black'?

Ans; It means that the yellow  leaves lying on the roads were not crushed under the feet of any traveller till then.

VI) What does the "yellow wood" symbolize in the poem?

Ans: It symbolizes a forest during the autumn season, representing a transitional or mature phase of life.

VII). Why did the poet stand long at the fork in the road?

Ans: He was unsure which path to take because he could only see a limited distance down each, symbolizing a difficult life decision.

VIII) What is the overall theme of the poem?

Ans: The theme is that the choices we make, particularly those that are less popular, shape our lives and define our future.

IX)  What does the poet mean by "And that has made all the difference"?

Ans: It indicates that the choice of taking the less-traveled road resulted in a significant, lasting impact on his life.

X) What do the "two roads" symbolise?

Ans: :They symbolise the choices and decisions we face in life.

xi) What does "grassy and wanted wear" mean?

It means the path was covered in grass because fewer people had walked on it, making it look more inviting to the poet.

xii) Explain: "Way leads on to way."

This means that one decision in life leads to another, creating a path that makes it difficult to ever return to the starting point.

MCQ ------WITH ANSWERS:::

A. What does the "yellow wood" symbolize in the poem?

A) A forest with yellow flowers

B) A forest in the autumn season

C) A dying forest

D) A bright sunny day

                Answer: B) A forest in the autumn season 

2. Why did the poet choose the second road?

A) It was shorter

B) It was more scenic

C) It was grassy and needed wearing

D) It was paved

            Answer: C) It was grassy and needed wearing 

3. What is the theme or message of the poem?

A) To follow the crowd

B) Making the right decisions at the right time

C) To never take risks

D) The importance of nature

        Answer: B) Making the right decisions at the right time

4. What does the "diverging path" symbolize?

A) A crossroads in a forest

B) Decisions and choices in life

C) A difficult journey

D) The end of a journey

            Answer: B) Decisions and choices in life

5. Does the poet hope to take the other road someday?

A) Yes, he plans to come back

B) No, the poet knows that he  won't return

C) He has not decided

D) The poem doesn't say

        Answer: B) No, the poet knows that he  won't return

.....

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A LETTER TO GOD______By G.L.Fuentes

A LETTER TO GOD______By G.L.Fuentes

   March 31, 2026       RSC

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 A LETTER TO GOD

Gist of the Lesson- 

       The story A Letter to God  deals with Lencho's strong believe  in God. Lencho was a poor yet dedicated farmer. When he  hoped for a good harvest a hailstorm suddenly destroyed all his crops. This made him very sad. But he had a strong faith in God. He was certain that God would definitely help him if he asks for. Thus, he decided to write a letter to God stating his problems. He requested God to send him one hundred pesos in order  to sow his fields again and protect his family from starvation. He went to the post office and dropped it into  the mailbox.

An employee or  postman collected the letter from the letterbox, and took it to the Postmaster who laughed heartily after reading the letter. But the post Master was  moved by the faith of the poor farmer on God. He praised the poor farmer’s faith in God and decided to help him at any cost. Then he asked the employees of the post office to contribute some amount of money , collected from his friends' and he, himself gave a part of his salary so that Lencho’s faith in God is not disturbed. But the money collected was a little less than what Lencho had requested from God (70 pesos out of 100). He then put all the money collected in an envelope, wrote God on the letter and kept it ready for the poor farmer.

The following Sunday, Lencho went to the post office to check if there was a letter for him. The postmaster gently handed over the letter to him. Lencho was not surprised at all to see the letter with money inside the envelope. He confidently opened the envelope to count the money but became angry when he saw that there were only seventy pesos in it. He was sure that God could have never made such a grave mistake. He instantly went to the window to ask for paper and ink and wrote another letter to God, and dropped it into the letterbox. Lencho arrived the following week, asked about any reply from God-if any, took the the money from the envelop. After he counted it, again he wrote a letter and put it in the letter box, After he  had left the place, the postmaster opened and read his second letter immediately. In it, Lencho wrote to God that he had  requested for one hundred pesos, but he was sad enough to find seventy pesos inside. He even blamed the post office employees and felt that they must have stolen the remaining thirty pesos from his envelope. He urged God to send him the rest of the money since he was in urgent need of it. However, he requested God not to send the money through the mail because Lencho thought that the post office employees were ‘a bunch of crooks’ who might have stolen the remaining money from the envelope.

 

ABOUT THE AUTHOR--

      This story is written by G.L. Fuentes. He was a great Mexican poet and novelist. The message that the author wants to delicately convey to his readers is that – a common man’s faith in God and humanity still prevails in society. Lencho is just an example.

Textual Question answers:

1. What did Lencho hope for?

Answer-

Lencho hoped for a downpour or at least a shower for his ripe corn fields.

 2. Why did Lencho say the raindrops were like ‘new coins’?

Answer-

Lencho, the needy  farmer, compared the raindrops to ‘new coins’. He considered the big drops as ten-cent pieces and the little ones as fives. Since his crops were ready for harvest, he hoped that the rains would bring him wealth. Hence, he compared the raindrops with ‘new coins’.

3. How did the rain change? What happened to Lencho’s fields?

Answer:

In front of Lencho’s eyes the rain started pouring down as he expected. But in an instant a strong wind blew and very large hailstones began to fall along with rain. The hailstorm continued for an hour and destroyed Lencho’s entire corn field and also all the flowers from the plants of his cultivation.

4. What were Lencho’s feelings when the hail stopped?

Answer:

As soon as the hailstones stopped, Lencho’s soul was filled with sadness. He witnessed that everything of his cultivation was ruined by the hailstorm instantly. Nothing was left even to feed his family for that year.

Oral Comprehension: 

Page 6

 1.Who or what did Lencho have faith in? What did he do?

Answer:

Lencho, the needy farmer had a strong faith in God. He believed that God’s eyes can see everything, even what is deep in one’s conscience. So he wrote a letter to God stating that he needed a hundred pesos to sow his field and feed his family that year.

2.Who read the letter?

Answer:

An employee  collected the letter and the Postmaster read Lencho’s letter addressed to God and laughed as well.

 3.What did the Postmaster do then?

Answer:

In the beginning, having read the letter, the Postmaster laughed loudly. But very soon he became serious thinking over Lencho’s strong faith in God. He didn’t like to shake the Lencho’s faith in the God. Therefore, he came up with an idea to collect money from his employees and friends, give a part of his salary and sent it to Lencho through an envelop.

Oral Comprehension Check

 Page 7

1. Was Lencho surprised to find a letter for him with money in it?

Answer:

Not at all, Lencho was not surprised receiving a letter from God with money in it. He was very confident and had strong faith in God that his request was specially considered by Him.

2. What made him angry?

Answer:

As soon as Lencho counted the money, he found only seventy pesos, instead of the hundred pesos which he demanded or asked for. He was confident that God could neither make a mistake, nor could he have denied Lencho what he had requested for. So he understood that the post office employees must have stolen thirty pesos from the envelope. According to him they are ‘a bunch of crooks’.

EXERCISE:::

1.Why does Lencho have complete faith in god ? Which sentence in the story tell you this?

Ans: Lencho has complete faith in god. The sentences which indicate this are--

A) There was single hope: help from god.

B) All through the night Lencho thought only of his one hope: the help of god.

C) 'God', he wrote, :if you donot help me my family and I will go hungry thisyear.'

D) He wrote to od on the envelop, put the letter inside.

1. Why does the Post Master send money to lencho? Why does he sign the letter 'God' ?

Ans: In order to keep Lencho's faith in god alive, the postmaster sands the letter to the farmer. In fact, the postmaster become serious as soon as he reads Lencho's letter. He wished that he had the same faith in god. Then, when he saw that Lencho had requested for money, the postmaster struck to his resolution that he wold rely to the letter of the old man along with money.

    Finally, he took steps to accumulte as much as money that he could ans send it to Lencho. He evensigned it 'God' so that Lencho's faith in godmight not get shaken by any means.

3. Did Lencho try to find out who had sent the money to him ? Why / why not ?

Ans: No, Lencho did not try to find out who had sent the money along with the letter to him.He did not even suspect that it could be somebody else other than god. He had so strong faith in god that it was none but god himself sent him the letter and monay as he asked for.

4. Who does Lencho think has taken the rest of the money? What is the irony of the situation?

Ans: After opening the letter and getting seventy pesos, Lencho thought that the post office employees had taken away rest of the money sent by god.

      The irony of the situation is that the post office employees whom he called 'bunch of crooks' were, in fact some kind hearted and helpful persons who came forward to help the old farmer in the name of charity.

5. Are there people like Lencho in the world ?

 What kind of a person would you say he is? You may select appropriate words from the box to answer the question.

    Greeddy, stupid, ungarteful, selfish, comical, 

...There may be some people like Lencho in the real world. He may be regarded as kind person.

6. There are two kinds of conflicts in the story between humans and nature and between human themselves. How are these conflicts illustrated ?

Ans: As far as destruction of Lencho's crops by the hailstorm is concerned, it is an illustration of the conflict between human beings and nature. The violent nature has destroyed Lencho's hope.

       On the other hand, Lencho blamed and accused of the post office employees of taking away his money ispite of the fact that they helped  him  with money.

ADDITIONAL QUESTION ANSWERS::

1. Who is Lencho?

Ans; Lencho was a hard working farmer who had blind faith in god.                

2. Pesos is the currency of ______

Ans:Latin America.

3. What did Lencho's field need ?

Ans: Lencho's field needed a downpour or a shower.

4.What was the woman preparing ?

Ans:The woman was preparing supper.

5.What were the older and younger ones doing?

Ans;; The older  boys were working in the field while the smaller one;s were playing near the house.

6.What pleasure did the man feel on his body?

Ans: The man felt the pleasure of the rain water on his body.

7.What according to Lencho are new coins?

Ans: the rain drops

8.What is ten cent pieces?

Ans: The big drop of rains are ten cent pieces.

9. What according to Lencho did resemble new silver coins?

Ans:The hail stones resemble new silver coins.

10. What is frozen pearls?

Ans:The snow balls of ice are called frozen pearls.

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GEOGRAPHY , CLASS IX- LESSON-1:

GEOGRAPHY , CLASS IX- LESSON-1:

   March 30, 2026       RSC

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Q.1: Give an outline of the distribution of continenets and oceans of the world.

Ans: The surface of the earth is composed of 71% continenets and 29% oceans.

       In the continents there are plains, pleateaues, hills, mountains, rivers, valleys, deserts and coastal plains are found. Whereas in the oceans submerged plains, ridges, trenches, coral reels are found.

Q.2: Explain why there has been change over the earth's surface ?

Ans: The surface of the earth is never uniform. The natural factors take time to mark its impact, but they have long time effects. These factors include exogenic factors and endogenic factors.

     The modification of the surface of the earth due to exogenic facto is known as changes of the earth's surface.

Q.3: What is meant by exogenic factor ? Mention some exogenic factors .

Ans: The exogenic factors or forces are those natural forces which act upon the earth's surface externally. Tjese factors mainly include sunshine, wind, rain, river glacier and sea waves.

Q.4: Why are earthquake and volvcanic eruptions are  called endogenic factors ?

Ans: earthquake and volcanic eruptions are called endogenic factors because these factors operate in the earth's interior as well as inthe ocean bottoms.

Q.5: What do you mean by river basin ? Draw a diagram of river basin .

Ans: A river basin is an area from where the river along with their network of tributories carry water. All rivers along with its tribitories from their own river basin. 

  Diagram (see book)

Q.6. What is tributory / name two major tributories of the Brahmaputra.

Ans: Tributory is a river or a stream flowig into a large river or lake.

        The two major tribitories of the river Brahmaputre are- Dibang and Sobansiri

Q.7: Give an outline of river erosion.

Ans: Erosion means 'wearing out' of the river surface. It is one of the major river activities.When a river flows down from a highland to a lowland, it erodes the basin surface.The erosional works mainly depends upon geological formation of the channel. There is less erosional activity in the plain areas than the highland.

Q.8. What do you mean by lateral erosion of a river?

Ans: River water falling from highland reaches the lowland or plains with a decline of slope towards the plain. The flow of water reduces towards the plain and river channel becomes wider.  The river bank erosion in the plain areas is called bank or lateral erosion.

Q.9: What is Ox-bow lake ? Draw diagram to show how it is formed ?

Ans: In certain parts of the plain, the river channel may be highly meandering. Such a course fails to carry huge amount of water during summer. Then the river straightens its course leaving the widening course aside.The cut off part then takes the form of a lake like a horse-shoe.This is called horse-shoe lake.

 Diagram (see book)

Q.10: What is floodplain ? Write how it is formed .

Ans:  While in the middle and lower curse, sediments are deposited on the bed and the banks of river. Due to this kind of continuous sediment deposition, alluvial plains are dormed on both the banks. Such plains are claaed flood plain.

       The flood plains are fertile and suitable for cultivation. Extensive flood plains are there on the banks of the  rivers like the Brahmaputra, Ganga, Indus etc.

Q.11; Write how and where sandbars are formed i a river channel?

Ans: The sandbars are formed by the sediments on the river bed. They form both on the sides and the middle of the river bed. They are of various shape and size. During rainy season, speedy water current wipes away them.Again when the river water subsides, the sandbars are visible.

Q.12: How are the deltas formed ?

Ans: In the shallow viver or sea side area, small  islands take shape looking like assames 'b' (greek -...) These islands are called delta. Ther are found in the river mouth. 

Q.13: Write why the wind action is strong in the desets.?

Ans: Inthe deserts also the wind action passes through three stages- erosion, transportation and deposition. This causes change over them. So the wind action is strong in deserts..

Q.14; What is meant by Deflation ?

Ans: Sand and dust are easily transported from one part to the other . This type of blowing away of sand and dust is called deflation.

Q.15: How are sand dunes formed ?

Ans: Ths sand and dust transported through deflation get deposited in certain places, where surface may be raised gradually to form hills. These hills are called sand dunes.

Q.16: What is 'Inselberg'?

Ans: The german term 'inselberg' means isolated island mountain. In fact, inselberg is formed due to abrasion of the highlands.

Q.17: Define glaciers and state how it differs from a river.

Ans:  The extremely cold areas of th earth's surface are under ice cover. Such areas include the polar and the high mountainous part. There are huge amount of ice in such areas. The deposits of ice come down slowly over the surface slope. Such moving ice down the slope's is called glacier.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEEN GLACIER AND RIVER.

GLACIER:

Glacier is ice and snow. It is pre-stage of water and does not depend on rainfall.. Its movement is very slow. Glacier is found mainly in cold countries and continents.

RIVER;

On the other hand river carries water. Its basic source is rainfall. Rivers have channel and depends on climatic condition.Some rivers dry in winter season,whereas some remain full with water whole year.

Q.18: What is moraine ? Draw a diagram to show different types of moraine.

Ans: The glaciers in the mountain carry lot of materials other than ice. Such materials are called moraine.

Moraines are four types:

I) Lateral moraine.

Ii) Ground moraine.

Iii) Medial moraine.

Iv)Terminal moraine.

   Generally moraines go through the portion between the steep valley side and the moving ice.

Q.19: Write how the glacier horn is formed ?

Ans: The glacier channels are long with U shaped cross profile. Due to the friction caused by the transported materials, the glacier channels become deep. Several glacier may flow down from some mountain. In such situation, the erosional activities on all sides of the mountain make its peak sharp. Such peaks are called glacial horn. 

Q.20: What is coast ?

Ans: The land margins of the oceasn and seas are called coast. In fact, a large part of the earth's surface (about 71%) is covered by ocaens.

Q. 21: What is beach beach ? State its importance.

Ans: A sand deposited vast plain  area  found in the sea shore is called beach.This area is mainly formed of sand.

   Beach is attractive , hence tourists visit that area for refreshment and enjoying vacations. There are a large number of commercial beach in this world.

Q.22: Write how sea- waves bring about change inthe coasts >

Ans: Sometimes big earthquakes which occur in the ocean cracks the sea floor. Then water rush out from the sea floor. It produces  dangerous water waves in the ocean. Such waves attain great height outside and reach out the sea shore . Also the wave water cause extensive damage to the coast. This type of devastating waves are called Tsunami.

Q.23: Connect the arrows the factors and the features on the basis of their cause -effect relation.

Ans: River--------Flood plain, V-shaped valley,                                    sandbar, Horse-shoe lake,                                       Delta.

   Wind-------------yardang, Sand dune

    Glacier----------U-shaped valley, Lateral                                          moraine, 

    Sea-wave--------beach.

Q.24: Think and write about the probable changes of the earth's surface in future.

Ans: The exoginic factors act upon the earth's surface very slowly.   On the other hand, the endogenic factors suddenly cause extensive change over the earth and disturb the balance of its surface.

     In fact, the present pattern of our earth is the result of both the endogenic and exogenic factors. In future also these factors will continue their activities for further change in it's surface in course of time.

INSIDE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS::

1. What percentage of earth's surface are respectively water and land?

Ans: Water (hudrosphere)- 71%

        Land (landmass/continent)--29%

2.Write two names of exogenic factors.

Ans: sunshine, wind

3. What are the groups of river work ?

Ans:  Three --- Erosion, transportation and deposition.

4. Where are the works of river is evident ?

Ans: River channel.

5. What is a river channel ?

Ans: River channel means the elongated path through which the river flowa from source to mouth.

6. Where are the delta formed?

Ans: A delta is a landform. It forms from the deposition of sediments carried by a river water.

7. Write two name of wind related hazards .

Ans: Hurrican, Typhon.

8. Where is wind action is dangerous?

Ans: deserts.

9. The word 'inselberg' is taken from  ____?

Ans: German.

10. Write name of a basin .

Ans: Tarim basin.

11. Write two features formed by a river.

Ans: Leeves, delta.

12. What is the total length of coastline in the world?

Ans; 0.5 km.

13. The geographic feature formed by wind is called _______

Ans: yardang.

14. What is the other name of river bank erosion ?

Ans: Lateral erosion.

15. What is meandering course of river?

Ans: The river bank erosion makes the river more zigzag. Such a zigzag course is called Meandering course.

16. Where is Deepar bill located?

Ans: Guwahati.

17.What are the ways that a river carries away the sediments?

Ans: three ways--dissolved state, suspended state and rolling state.

18. Name the biggest river island and the place where it is located.

Ans: majuli, it is located in Majuli (river-Brahmaputra).

19. What is sand dunes.?

Ans: A kind of hills formed by sands are called sand dunes.

20. What are the types of Moraine ?

Ans: lateral, ground, medial and terminal.

21. Where is Chandubi Beel located ?

Ans: Rani, Guwahati.

22. When did devastating earthquake occured in Assam?

Ans: in 1950..

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION ANSWERS(MCQ)

     

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THE FUN THEY HAD......

THE FUN THEY HAD......

   February 13, 2026       RSC

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About the lesson:.....

  This lesson is about future school about 30-50 years later than present age. At that time school, books teachers etc will no longer exist . The children will study inside their home in a room or cabin (in a virtual classrom without any classmate). In fact they will learn through computers where Robotic teacher (on screen) will give them command and check their homeworks as well. Their lessons/books  will be called E-text which will not be fixed on screen. They would be moving e-text or sentences and could be deleted, copied, pasted or even taken to any other page.Overall, there  will neither be any  school building nor any human teacher in future schools.

About the author.....

 Issac Asimov ( 2 Jan,1920---6 April,1992) was an American author and professor of Biochemestry in Boston University. He was one of the three famous science fiction writers of America.

Textual Question Answer:

I

1. How old are Margie and Tommy ?

Ans:- Margie was eleven and Tommy was thirteen years old.

2. What did Margie write in her diary ?

Ans:- Margie wrote on the page headed 17 May 2157 that "today Tommy found a real book."

3. Had Margie seen a book before ?

Ans:- No, Margie had never seen a book before.

4. What things about the book did she find strange ?

Ans:- The pages of the book were yellow and crinkly and the words stood still. Besides, when they turned back to the page before, it had the same word on it when they read it the first time. These were the things about the book which she found strange.

5. Where was Margie's school? Did she have any classmate ?

Ans:- Margie;s school was right next to her bedroom at her own house.

  No, she did not have any classmate.

6. Which subject did Margie and Tommy learn ?

Ans:- Margie learnt geography and Mathematics whereas Tommy learnt Hstory and mathematics.

7. What do you think a telebook is ?

Ans:- A telebook is a book which is displayed on the television or computer screen.

II

1. "I would not throw it away."

1. Who said this ?

Ans:- Tommy said this.

2. What does 'it ' refer to ?

Ns:- It refers to the textbook found by Tommy in the attic.

3. What is it being compared with by the speaker ?

Ans:- The speaker compared it with a teleboook which must have a million book in it.

2. "Sure they had a teacher but it was not regular teacher. It was a man."

1. Who does 'they ' refer to ?

Ans:- They refers to the students of earlier days. It indicates the time when Margie's grandfather was a little boy.

2. What does 'regular' mean here ?

Ans:- Regular means 'normal' or of the usual kind. But here the word 'regular' refers to the mechanical teacher that Tommy and Margie have.

3. What is it contrasted with ?

Ans:- It (mechanical teacher) is contrasted with the human teacher of the earlier times.

III

1. What kind of teacher did Margie and Tommy have ?

Ans:- Margie and Tommy had mechanical teacher. Their teacher was not a human being. He was rather an image that flashed on a television screen. The students  were taught by computers and television screens.

2. Why did Margie's mother send for the county Inspector ?

Ans:- Margie's mother sent for the county Inspector becuse the mechanical teacher had been giving Margie test after test in Geography and she had been doing worse and worse. In fact, the the Inspector found that the Geography sector was geared a little too quick.

3. What did he do ?

Ans:- He (county Inspector) had slowed down the speed of the mechanical teacher upto an average ten year level. The speed of the mechanical teacher was controlled and adjusted as per Margie's intelligence.

4. Why was Margie doing badly in Geography ? What did the county Inspector do to help her ?

Ans:-  Margie was doing badly in geography because the geography sector was geared  a little too quick and the teacher had been giving test after test.

          The county Inspector had helped Margie since he adjusted it's speed upto an average ten year level. He further commented that the overall pattern of her (Margie's)  progress was quite satisfactory.

5.What had once happened to Tommy's teacher ?

Ans:- Once the history sector of Tommy's teacher had blanked out completely and it was taken away for nearly a month.

6. Did Margie have regular days and hours for school ? If so, why ?

Ans:- Yes, Margie has regular days and hours for school because her school was located right next to her bedroom. Her mother said that little girls learn better if they learn at regular hours..

7. How does Tommy describe the old kind of school ?

Ans:- Tommy says that old kind of schools were different. The students of the earlier schools had a special building to attend in. All the kids of neighbourhood assembled to study there at fixed time. They came laughing and shouting and sat together in the school room. They learnt the same thing together as guided by men teachers.

8. How does he describe the old kind of teachers ?

Ans:- Tommy says that the old teachers were not mechanical teachers. They were rather human beings. They told things to the boys and girls and gave them homework and asked them questions.

IV. 

1. What are the main features of the mechanical teachers and the school rooms that Margie and Tommy have in the story ?

Ans:- Margie and Tommy have mechanical teachers. Their teacher is not a human being. He is an image that flashes on the screen in their study room. The classroom of margie and Tommy is in their home. They donot require printed books as they have many telebooks on the screen.Even their mechanical teacher has been adjusted to fit the minds of each student whom it teaches. Moreover, the mechanical teacher does not have the ability to understand the psychology of a child. In fact, it guides a child according to its adjusted models.

        Thus, these are the features of the mechanical teachers and the school rooms that Margie and Tommy have in the story.

2. Why did Margie hate school ? Why did she think the old kind of school must have been fun ?

Ans:- Margie hated school because she was taught by mechanical teacher in her study room. Her teacher was, however, an image which flashed on a screen in her study room.

       The teacher gave her instructions and she had to obey them. She just solved the sums and put her papers in a slot. The teacher checked them in no time. The mechanical teacher gave her home work and test after test in geography and she had been doing worse. So, Margie hated school more than ever.

        Margie thought that the old kind of school must have fun, because, all the kids from the neighbourhood came together, laughing and shouting in the school yard to study under single roof.

      They even went home together at the end of the day. So, they could help one another with their homewrok.

3. Do you agree with Margie that today's school have more fun than the school in the story. Give reason for your answer.

Ans:- Yes, I agree with Margie that today's school have more fun than the school in the story. There is nothing special except a mechanical teacher in the story. Such a teacher has neither emotios nor sentiments. Such a teacher was placed in one of the rooms of the house. Then students are supposed to sit in that room and the mechanical teacher never understands the psychology of a child. It rather guides a pupil according to its adjusted modals.

         On the other hand, in today's schools there are more fun because students sit together in the same classroom. Teachers understand them and guide them personally. Both the teacher and students enjoy laughing and shouting together in the school yard and thus enjoy every single day.

INSIDE/ EXTRA QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS:

1. Who wrote the 'The Fun They had'?

Ans:- Isaac Asimove

2. What did she write in his diary ?

Ans:- She wrote "Today Tommy found a real book."

3. How old was Margie ?

Ans:- Margie was eleven years old.

4. How old was Tommy ?

Ans:- Tommy was thirteen years old.

5. Why were the pages if the real book turned yellow and crinkly ?

Ans:-The real books were printed on papers. They were very old books. Hence the pages of such real books turned yellow and crinkly.

6. Where did Tommy find the old book ?

Ans:- In the attic of their house..

7. What was the subject matter of the book ?

Ans:- About school.

8.What did Margie hate ?

Ans:- Margie hated school.

9. Who was the county Inspector ?

Ans:- The county Inspector was a round little man with a red face and a whole box of tools with dials and wires.

10. What was the problem with Margie's mechanical teacher ?

Ans:- The mechanical teacher had been giving her test after test in geography and she had been doing worse and worse.

1. What was the name of Marge's mother ?

Ans:- Mrs. Jones.

MCQ ....

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WEATHERING THE STORM IN ERSAMA.

WEATHERING THE STORM IN ERSAMA.

   December 25, 2025       RSC

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INTRODUCTION::

 This true story is based on 

The super cyclone which hit Orissa in October 1999. The cyclone killed thousands of people and devastated hundreds of villages. For long two horrible nights a school going boy Prashant was marooned on the roof of a house. On the third day he decided to go to his own village in search of his family members and the villagers.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR:

Harsh Mander is the author of this true story. The author has narrated the story in a lucid style which gives us a lively picture of the storm.

GLOSSARY  (word meaning)

Menacing _ dangerous

Incessant _ continuous

Swirled _moving with a whirling motion.

Carcasses _animal dead bodies.

Bereaved _losing a close relative due to death.

Remnamts _small remaining quantity.

Motley _varied in appearence ans character.

Tumult _ disorderly crowd.

TEXTUAL QUESTION ANSWER:

(Think anout it)

Q.1. What havoc has the super cyclone wreaked in the life of the people of Orissa ?

Answer: The super cyclone which occured in 1999, davasted hundreds of villages. The ancient trees were uprooted andcrushed to the earth. Thousands of people killed and a large number of huses washed away.. There were only animal carcasses and human corpse floated in every direction. Countless people became homeless and a large numbers of children became homeless orphans. The devastation continued for the next thirty six hours. After the calamity only a few fractured cement houses stood in a few places. 

Q.2. How has Prashant, a teenager, been able to help the people of his village ?

When Prasant reached his house, he found deplorable conditions of the people all around. He had to take initiative to rehabilitate the victims. He finally led a group of youth and elders jointly to get rice and fill the bellies of the starving people. Besides, he organised a team of volunteers to clean the places for shelter. He also tried to heal the wounds and fractures of those who were injured or wounded severely. He along with his team members put up polythene sheet shelter for the orphans and some suffering women. Overall, Prashant served them as a ray of hope.

Q.3. How have the people of the community helped one another ? What role do the women of Kalikuda play during these days ?

Answer: Prashant found the cyclone victims in a pathetic and miserable condition. Hence, he took prompt initiative and mobilised themto help one another. Responding to his initiative, the community people also joined hands togetherand started distribution of relief materials. They even volunteered to clean urine filth, vomits and floating carcasses. Orphans were resettled by thier comunitymembers with the help of Prashant.

     The women of Kalikuda started working in the food for work programme initiated by an NGO. They also looked after the orphans.

Q.4. Why do Prashant and other volunteers resist the plan to set up institutions for orphans and widows ? What alternatives do they consider ?

Answer: Prashant and many other volunteers made up a plan for settlement of orphans and widows seperately. But they realised that it would not be a good step since they would suffer from loneliness. So, finally they thought of the concept of foster family. They decided to rehabilitate widows and orphans in the same place and thereby create foster families.

Q.5. Do you think Prashant is a good leader? Do you think young people can get together to help people during natural calamities ?

Answer: Yes, Prashant is really a good leader, because he possesses risk taking capacity. He is so courageous that he could face hardships and difficulties. He fought against natural calamities anf adverse situations. He united people to work for the needy and sufferers.

 It is true of course that young people should get together to help the suffering  people during natural calamities anywhere.

INSIDE/ EXTRA QUESTION ANSWER..

1. Why did Prasant go to Ersama ?

Answer: To spend a day.

2.What was the velocity of the storm ?

Answer: 350 km/per hour.

3. How long did the cyclone last ?

Answer: 36 hours.

4. How did Prashant and his friends family saved themselves ?

Answer: Climbing up the roof of their house.

5.How long did Prashant stay in his friend's house ?

Answer_ Two days.

6. How did Prashant check the water level while returning ?

Answer: with a stick.

7. What did Prashant see while returning home ?

Answer: Human corpse and animal carcass.

8. Who is the author of this lesson ?

Answer: Harsh Mander.

9. How many cyclne victims stayed in the shelter ?

Answer: Around 2500 people.

10. What was the distance between Prashant's village and Ersama ?

Answer- 18 k.m.

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VERB PHRASES OR MAKE SENTENCE...

VERB PHRASES OR MAKE SENTENCE...

   November 11, 2025       RSC

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Verb phrases is also called make sentence or frame sentence. This is a part of class X syllabus under SEBA/CBSE etc. Students should wrie down these phrases on copy and learn properly. 

A

All at once- (suddenly)- All at once fire broke out.

All in all.(main)- The Principal is all in all.

At a loss.(confuse)- I was at a loss at that time.

At a stretch (continuously)- It rained at a stretch.

As well as.(also)- Ram as well as Anil came.

Approve of.(agree)- He approved of our plan.

At par.(accordingly)- Your result is not at par your studies.

B

Bag & baggage.(with luggage)- He left bag and baggage.

Black sheep.(evil mind)- He is black sheep in the family.

By dint of .(because of)- He passed by dint of hard work.

By means of .(with help)- He passed by means of unfair ways.

Bring to light.(to expose)- His evil plan is brought to light.

Break in upon.(Interfare)-donot break in upon our discussion.

Blue blood.(royal background)- You may take pride in your blue blood.

Bad blood.(quarrel)- There is bad blood between two families.

By no means.(never)- Assam is by no means a poor state.

By degrees.(step by step)-He succeeded by degrees.

By fits and starts.(sometimes)-he earns money by fits and starts.

Bring up.(grow up)- I was brought up by grandmother.

Break out.(occur)-Suddenly fire broke out in the building.

C

Cats and dogs.(heavy)- It rained cats and dogs here.

Crocodile tears.(false sympathy)- False friends always sheds crocodile tears.

Close at hands.(near)- The snake was close at hands.

Call in.(Invite)- Call in a doctor.

Call on (meet)- I called on him just a while ago.

Call for.(ask for)- The organisation called for a bandh.

Come round.(recover)- Finally he came round from prolonged illness.

Carry out.(follow)-He carried out his duties.

D

Dead against.(against)- We are dead against the new order.

Die in harness.(sudden death)-The officer died in harness.

E

Escape from.(escape)- We escaped from the trap.

Ever and anon.(sometimes)-please come here ever and anon.

F

For good.(forever)- They left India for good.

Fall short of .(less mumber)- The amount fall short of my need.

Fall out.(quarrel)-They fell out just for a piece of pen.

Fond of.(attracted)- He is fond of sweets.

Far cry.(impossible)-Development is still a far cry.

G

Give up.( sacrifice)- Give up your bad habits.

Get rid of .(leave/away)- You must get rid of your evil company.

Give away.(distribute)-He gave away the prizes.

Get over.(overcome)- somehow he got over his problems.

H

Hard and fast.(strict)-There is not any  hard and fast rule here.

Hold good.(applicable)- This rule does not hold good here.

Hand over.(to give)- Mr.Das handed over the charge.

Hang around.(stay silent)-Why are you hanging around here.?

I

Ins and outs.(In detail)- Please tell me ins and outs of the fact.

In a nutshell.(brief)-Tell me the story in a nut shell.

Instead of.(or)-Buy thia instead of that.

In black and white.(written)- He complained in black and white.

In no time.(quickly)- He arrived in no time.

In spite of .(despite)-He reached in spite of curfew.

J

Jealous of (dislike)- He  is jealous of my success.

K

Kith and kin.(relative)- I have many kith and kin in this village.

L

Look after.(Atake care)- Look after your baby.

Look for.(search)- I am lookig for a servant.

Look down upon.(neglect)- Donot look down upon the poor.

Look into.(investigate)- Police will look into the matter.

M

Make out.(understand)- Try to make out the sum.

Maiden speech.(Avaluable speech)- Dr.Ambedkar delivered hs maiden speech.

N

Null and void.(postponed)- This is a null and void law now.

Now and then.(sometimes)-He visits us now and then.

Nook and corner.(every corner)- He searched the moneybag every nook anf corner.

O

Off and on.(sometimes)- I go to market off and on.

On the contrary.(instead)- I do not like on the contrary, I hate it.

Open secret.(known to all)- The murder is an open secret now.

Of late.(recently)- The officer visited us of late.

P

Part with.(seperate from thing)-I can not part with my bike.

Part from.(seperate from person)- We can not part from our parents.

Part and parcel.(necessary part)- Education is part and parcel of human life.

Put off.(remove)- Put off your new dress.

R

Run over (accident)- A car ran over a dg.

S

Set aside.(keep aside)- The rules have been set aside.

Step by step.(part part)- Step by step he succeeded.

Summer friend.(false friend)-Do not be my summer friend.

See off (bye bye)- I went out to see off my friend.

Set out.(begin journey)- He set out for Delhi.

Stand by.( ready to help)_ I shall always stand by you in diffficulty.

Set up.(establish)- He has set up a business.

T

Take place.(occur)- An accident took place yesterday.

Turn up.(arrive)- Many persons were invited but a few turned up.

Take for.(mistake)- I took him for his brother.

Take over.(take charge)- He took over the the charge of Principal.

U

Ups and downs.(problems)- Life is full of ups and downs.

W

Well to do.(rich)-He belongs to a well to do family.

Weal and woe.( sorrow & happiness)-He stood by me in my weal and woe.

With flying colors.(successfully)-He came back with flying colors.

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