GEOGRAPHY , CLASS IX- LESSON-1:

   March 30, 2026      

Q.1: Give an outline of the distribution of continenets and oceans of the world.


Ans: The surface of the earth is composed of 71% continenets and 29% oceans.

       In the continents there are plains, pleateaues, hills, mountains, rivers, valleys, deserts and coastal plains are found. Whereas in the oceans submerged plains, ridges, trenches, coral reels are found.


Q.2: Explain why there has been change over the earth's surface ?

Ans: The surface of the earth is never uniform. The natural factors take time to mark its impact, but they have long time effects. These factors include exogenic factors and endogenic factors.

     The modification of the surface of the earth due to exogenic facto is known as changes of the earth's surface.


Q.3: What is meant by exogenic factor ? Mention some exogenic factors .

Ans: The exogenic factors or forces are those natural forces which act upon the earth's surface externally. Tjese factors mainly include sunshine, wind, rain, river glacier and sea waves.


Q.4: Why are earthquake and volvcanic eruptions are  called endogenic factors ?

Ans: earthquake and volcanic eruptions are called endogenic factors because these factors operate in the earth's interior as well as inthe ocean bottoms.



Q.5: What do you mean by river basin ? Draw a diagram of river basin .

Ans: A river basin is an area from where the river along with their network of tributories carry water. All rivers along with its tribitories from their own river basin. 


  Diagram (see book)


Q.6. What is tributory / name two major tributories of the Brahmaputra.

Ans: Tributory is a river or a stream flowig into a large river or lake.

        The two major tribitories of the river Brahmaputre are- Dibang and Sobansiri



Q.7: Give an outline of river erosion.

Ans: Erosion means 'wearing out' of the river surface. It is one of the major river activities.When a river flows down from a highland to a lowland, it erodes the basin surface.The erosional works mainly depends upon geological formation of the channel. There is less erosional activity in the plain areas than the highland.



Q.8. What do you mean by lateral erosion of a river?

Ans: River water falling from highland reaches the lowland or plains with a decline of slope towards the plain. The flow of water reduces towards the plain and river channel becomes wider.  The river bank erosion in the plain areas is called bank or lateral erosion.



Q.9: What is Ox-bow lake ? Draw diagram to show how it is formed ?

Ans: In certain parts of the plain, the river channel may be highly meandering. Such a course fails to carry huge amount of water during summer. Then the river straightens its course leaving the widening course aside.The cut off part then takes the form of a lake like a horse-shoe.This is called horse-shoe lake.


 Diagram (see book)




Q.10: What is floodplain ? Write how it is formed .

Ans:  While in the middle and lower curse, sediments are deposited on the bed and the banks of river. Due to this kind of continuous sediment deposition, alluvial plains are dormed on both the banks. Such plains are claaed flood plain.

       The flood plains are fertile and suitable for cultivation. Extensive flood plains are there on the banks of the  rivers like the Brahmaputra, Ganga, Indus etc.



Q.11; Write how and where sandbars are formed i a river channel?

Ans: The sandbars are formed by the sediments on the river bed. They form both on the sides and the middle of the river bed. They are of various shape and size. During rainy season, speedy water current wipes away them.Again when the river water subsides, the sandbars are visible.



Q.12: How are the deltas formed ?

Ans: In the shallow viver or sea side area, small  islands take shape looking like assames 'b' (greek -...) These islands are called delta. Ther are found in the river mouth. 




Q.13: Write why the wind action is strong in the desets.?

Ans: Inthe deserts also the wind action passes through three stages- erosion, transportation and deposition. This causes change over them. So the wind action is strong in deserts..



Q.14; What is meant by Deflation ?

Ans: Sand and dust are easily transported from one part to the other . This type of blowing away of sand and dust is called deflation.



Q.15: How are sand dunes formed ?

Ans: Ths sand and dust transported through deflation get deposited in certain places, where surface may be raised gradually to form hills. These hills are called sand dunes.



Q.16: What is 'Inselberg'?

Ans: The german term 'inselberg' means isolated island mountain. In fact, inselberg is formed due to abrasion of the highlands.



Q.17: Define glaciers and state how it differs from a river.

Ans:  The extremely cold areas of th earth's surface are under ice cover. Such areas include the polar and the high mountainous part. There are huge amount of ice in such areas. The deposits of ice come down slowly over the surface slope. Such moving ice down the slope's is called glacier.


DIFFERENCE BETWEEEN GLACIER AND RIVER.


GLACIER:
Glacier is ice and snow. It is pre-stage of water and does not depend on rainfall.. Its movement is very slow. Glacier is found mainly in cold countries and continents.

RIVER;
On the other hand river carries water. Its basic source is rainfall. Rivers have channel and depends on climatic condition.Some rivers dry in winter season,whereas some remain full with water whole year.



Q.18: What is moraine ? Draw a diagram to show different types of moraine.

Ans: The glaciers in the mountain carry lot of materials other than ice. Such materials are called moraine.

Moraines are four types:
I) Lateral moraine.
Ii) Ground moraine.
Iii) Medial moraine.
Iv)Terminal moraine.

   Generally moraines go through the portion between the steep valley side and the moving ice.



Q.19: Write how the glacier horn is formed ?

Ans: The glacier channels are long with U shaped cross profile. Due to the friction caused by the transported materials, the glacier channels become deep. Several glacier may flow down from some mountain. In such situation, the erosional activities on all sides of the mountain make its peak sharp. Such peaks are called glacial horn. 



Q.20: What is coast ?

Ans: The land margins of the oceasn and seas are called coast. In fact, a large part of the earth's surface (about 71%) is covered by ocaens.



Q. 21: What is beach beach ? State its importance.

Ans: A sand deposited vast plain  area  found in the sea shore is called beach.This area is mainly formed of sand.

   Beach is attractive , hence tourists visit that area for refreshment and enjoying vacations. There are a large number of commercial beach in this world.



Q.22: Write how sea- waves bring about change inthe coasts >

Ans: Sometimes big earthquakes which occur in the ocean cracks the sea floor. Then water rush out from the sea floor. It produces  dangerous water waves in the ocean. Such waves attain great height outside and reach out the sea shore . Also the wave water cause extensive damage to the coast. This type of devastating waves are called Tsunami.



Q.23: Connect the arrows the factors and the features on the basis of their cause -effect relation.

Ans: River--------Flood plain, V-shaped valley,                                    sandbar, Horse-shoe lake,                                       Delta.
   Wind-------------yardang, Sand dune
    Glacier----------U-shaped valley, Lateral                                          moraine, 
    Sea-wave--------beach.




Q.24: Think and write about the probable changes of the earth's surface in future.

Ans: The exoginic factors act upon the earth's surface very slowly.   On the other hand, the endogenic factors suddenly cause extensive change over the earth and disturb the balance of its surface.

     In fact, the present pattern of our earth is the result of both the endogenic and exogenic factors. In future also these factors will continue their activities for further change in it's surface in course of time.





INSIDE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS::

1. What percentage of earth's surface are respectively water and land?

Ans: Water (hudrosphere)- 71%
        Land (landmass/continent)--29%


2.Write two names of exogenic factors.

Ans: sunshine, wind


3. What are the groups of river work ?

Ans:  Three --- Erosion, transportation and deposition.


4. Where are the works of river is evident ?

Ans: River channel.


5. What is a river channel ?

Ans: River channel means the elongated path through which the river flowa from source to mouth.


6. Where are the delta formed?

Ans: A delta is a landform. It forms from the deposition of sediments carried by a river water.


7. Write two name of wind related hazards .

Ans: Hurrican, Typhon.


8. Where is wind action is dangerous?

Ans: deserts.


9. The word 'inselberg' is taken from  ____?

Ans: German.


10. Write name of a basin .

Ans: Tarim basin.


11. Write two features formed by a river.

Ans: Leeves, delta.


12. What is the total length of coastline in the world?

Ans; 0.5 km.


13. The geographic feature formed by wind is called _______


Ans: yardang.


14. What is the other name of river bank erosion ?

Ans: Lateral erosion.


15. What is meandering course of river?

Ans: The river bank erosion makes the river more zigzag. Such a zigzag course is called Meandering course.


16. Where is Deepar bill located?

Ans: Guwahati.


17.What are the ways that a river carries away the sediments?

Ans: three ways--dissolved state, suspended state and rolling state.


18. Name the biggest river island and the place where it is located.

Ans: majuli, it is located in Majuli (river-Brahmaputra).


19. What is sand dunes.?

Ans: A kind of hills formed by sands are called sand dunes.


20. What are the types of Moraine ?

Ans: lateral, ground, medial and terminal.


21. Where is Chandubi Beel located ?

Ans: Rani, Guwahati.


22. When did devastating earthquake occured in Assam?

Ans: in 1950..



MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION ANSWERS(MCQ)


     

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• March 30, 2026 0 $type={blogger}

THE FUN THEY HAD......

   February 13, 2026      

About the lesson:.....

  This lesson is about future school about 30-50 years later than present age. At that time school, books teachers etc will no longer exist . The children will study inside their home in a room or cabin (in a virtual classrom without any classmate). In fact they will learn through computers where Robotic teacher (on screen) will give them command and check their homeworks as well. Their lessons/books  will be called E-text which will not be fixed on screen. They would be moving e-text or sentences and could be deleted, copied, pasted or even taken to any other page.Overall, there  will neither be any  school building nor any human teacher in future schools.


About the author.....

 Issac Asimov ( 2 Jan,1920---6 April,1992) was an American author and professor of Biochemestry in Boston University. He was one of the three famous science fiction writers of America.





Textual Question Answer:

I

1. How old are Margie and Tommy ?

Ans:- Margie was eleven and Tommy was thirteen years old.


2. What did Margie write in her diary ?

Ans:- Margie wrote on the page headed 17 May 2157 that "today Tommy found a real book."


3. Had Margie seen a book before ?

Ans:- No, Margie had never seen a book before.


4. What things about the book did she find strange ?

Ans:- The pages of the book were yellow and crinkly and the words stood still. Besides, when they turned back to the page before, it had the same word on it when they read it the first time. These were the things about the book which she found strange.


5. Where was Margie's school? Did she have any classmate ?

Ans:- Margie;s school was right next to her bedroom at her own house.

  No, she did not have any classmate.



6. Which subject did Margie and Tommy learn ?

Ans:- Margie learnt geography and Mathematics whereas Tommy learnt Hstory and mathematics.


7. What do you think a telebook is ?

Ans:- A telebook is a book which is displayed on the television or computer screen.



II


1. "I would not throw it away."

1. Who said this ?

Ans:- Tommy said this.


2. What does 'it ' refer to ?

Ns:- It refers to the textbook found by Tommy in the attic.


3. What is it being compared with by the speaker ?

Ans:- The speaker compared it with a teleboook which must have a million book in it.


2. "Sure they had a teacher but it was not regular teacher. It was a man."

1. Who does 'they ' refer to ?

Ans:- They refers to the students of earlier days. It indicates the time when Margie's grandfather was a little boy.



2. What does 'regular' mean here ?

Ans:- Regular means 'normal' or of the usual kind. But here the word 'regular' refers to the mechanical teacher that Tommy and Margie have.


3. What is it contrasted with ?

Ans:- It (mechanical teacher) is contrasted with the human teacher of the earlier times.



III


1. What kind of teacher did Margie and Tommy have ?

Ans:- Margie and Tommy had mechanical teacher. Their teacher was not a human being. He was rather an image that flashed on a television screen. The students  were taught by computers and television screens.


2. Why did Margie's mother send for the county Inspector ?

Ans:- Margie's mother sent for the county Inspector becuse the mechanical teacher had been giving Margie test after test in Geography and she had been doing worse and worse. In fact, the the Inspector found that the Geography sector was geared a little too quick.


3. What did he do ?

Ans:- He (county Inspector) had slowed down the speed of the mechanical teacher upto an average ten year level. The speed of the mechanical teacher was controlled and adjusted as per Margie's intelligence.



4. Why was Margie doing badly in Geography ? What did the county Inspector do to help her ?

Ans:-  Margie was doing badly in geography because the geography sector was geared  a little too quick and the teacher had been giving test after test.

          The county Inspector had helped Margie since he adjusted it's speed upto an average ten year level. He further commented that the overall pattern of her (Margie's)  progress was quite satisfactory.


5.What had once happened to Tommy's teacher ?

Ans:- Once the history sector of Tommy's teacher had blanked out completely and it was taken away for nearly a month.


6. Did Margie have regular days and hours for school ? If so, why ?

Ans:- Yes, Margie has regular days and hours for school because her school was located right next to her bedroom. Her mother said that little girls learn better if they learn at regular hours..


7. How does Tommy describe the old kind of school ?

Ans:- Tommy says that old kind of schools were different. The students of the earlier schools had a special building to attend in. All the kids of neighbourhood assembled to study there at fixed time. They came laughing and shouting and sat together in the school room. They learnt the same thing together as guided by men teachers.



8. How does he describe the old kind of teachers ?

Ans:- Tommy says that the old teachers were not mechanical teachers. They were rather human beings. They told things to the boys and girls and gave them homework and asked them questions.



IV. 


1. What are the main features of the mechanical teachers and the school rooms that Margie and Tommy have in the story ?

Ans:- Margie and Tommy have mechanical teachers. Their teacher is not a human being. He is an image that flashes on the screen in their study room. The classroom of margie and Tommy is in their home. They donot require printed books as they have many telebooks on the screen.Even their mechanical teacher has been adjusted to fit the minds of each student whom it teaches. Moreover, the mechanical teacher does not have the ability to understand the psychology of a child. In fact, it guides a child according to its adjusted models.

        Thus, these are the features of the mechanical teachers and the school rooms that Margie and Tommy have in the story.



2. Why did Margie hate school ? Why did she think the old kind of school must have been fun ?

Ans:- Margie hated school because she was taught by mechanical teacher in her study room. Her teacher was, however, an image which flashed on a screen in her study room.

       The teacher gave her instructions and she had to obey them. She just solved the sums and put her papers in a slot. The teacher checked them in no time. The mechanical teacher gave her home work and test after test in geography and she had been doing worse. So, Margie hated school more than ever.

        Margie thought that the old kind of school must have fun, because, all the kids from the neighbourhood came together, laughing and shouting in the school yard to study under single roof.

      They even went home together at the end of the day. So, they could help one another with their homewrok.


3. Do you agree with Margie that today's school have more fun than the school in the story. Give reason for your answer.

Ans:- Yes, I agree with Margie that today's school have more fun than the school in the story. There is nothing special except a mechanical teacher in the story. Such a teacher has neither emotios nor sentiments. Such a teacher was placed in one of the rooms of the house. Then students are supposed to sit in that room and the mechanical teacher never understands the psychology of a child. It rather guides a pupil according to its adjusted modals.

         On the other hand, in today's schools there are more fun because students sit together in the same classroom. Teachers understand them and guide them personally. Both the teacher and students enjoy laughing and shouting together in the school yard and thus enjoy every single day.







INSIDE/ EXTRA QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS:


1. Who wrote the 'The Fun They had'?

Ans:- Isaac Asimove


2. What did she write in his diary ?

Ans:- She wrote "Today Tommy found a real book."


3. How old was Margie ?

Ans:- Margie was eleven years old.


4. How old was Tommy ?

Ans:- Tommy was thirteen years old.


5. Why were the pages if the real book turned yellow and crinkly ?


Ans:-The real books were printed on papers. They were very old books. Hence the pages of such real books turned yellow and crinkly.


6. Where did Tommy find the old book ?

Ans:- In the attic of their house..


7. What was the subject matter of the book ?

Ans:- About school.


8.What did Margie hate ?

Ans:- Margie hated school.


9. Who was the county Inspector ?

Ans:- The county Inspector was a round little man with a red face and a whole box of tools with dials and wires.


10. What was the problem with Margie's mechanical teacher ?

Ans:- The mechanical teacher had been giving her test after test in geography and she had been doing worse and worse.


1. What was the name of Marge's mother ?

Ans:- Mrs. Jones.


MCQ ....

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• February 13, 2026 0 $type={blogger}

WEATHERING THE STORM IN ERSAMA.

   December 25, 2025      

INTRODUCTION::

 This true story is based on 
The super cyclone which hit Orissa in October 1999. The cyclone killed thousands of people and devastated hundreds of villages. For long two horrible nights a school going boy Prashant was marooned on the roof of a house. On the third day he decided to go to his own village in search of his family members and the villagers.


ABOUT THE AUTHOR:

Harsh Mander is the author of this true story. The author has narrated the story in a lucid style which gives us a lively picture of the storm.

GLOSSARY  (word meaning)

Menacing _ dangerous
Incessant _ continuous
Swirled _moving with a whirling motion.
Carcasses _animal dead bodies.
Bereaved _losing a close relative due to death.
Remnamts _small remaining quantity.
Motley _varied in appearence ans character.
Tumult _ disorderly crowd.



TEXTUAL QUESTION ANSWER:

(Think anout it)


Q.1. What havoc has the super cyclone wreaked in the life of the people of Orissa ?


Answer: The super cyclone which occured in 1999, davasted hundreds of villages. The ancient trees were uprooted andcrushed to the earth. Thousands of people killed and a large number of huses washed away.. There were only animal carcasses and human corpse floated in every direction. Countless people became homeless and a large numbers of children became homeless orphans. The devastation continued for the next thirty six hours. After the calamity only a few fractured cement houses stood in a few places. 

Q.2. How has Prashant, a teenager, been able to help the people of his village ?

When Prasant reached his house, he found deplorable conditions of the people all around. He had to take initiative to rehabilitate the victims. He finally led a group of youth and elders jointly to get rice and fill the bellies of the starving people. Besides, he organised a team of volunteers to clean the places for shelter. He also tried to heal the wounds and fractures of those who were injured or wounded severely. He along with his team members put up polythene sheet shelter for the orphans and some suffering women. Overall, Prashant served them as a ray of hope.

Q.3. How have the people of the community helped one another ? What role do the women of Kalikuda play during these days ?

Answer: Prashant found the cyclone victims in a pathetic and miserable condition. Hence, he took prompt initiative and mobilised themto help one another. Responding to his initiative, the community people also joined hands togetherand started distribution of relief materials. They even volunteered to clean urine filth, vomits and floating carcasses. Orphans were resettled by thier comunitymembers with the help of Prashant.
     The women of Kalikuda started working in the food for work programme initiated by an NGO. They also looked after the orphans.


Q.4. Why do Prashant and other volunteers resist the plan to set up institutions for orphans and widows ? What alternatives do they consider ?

Answer: Prashant and many other volunteers made up a plan for settlement of orphans and widows seperately. But they realised that it would not be a good step since they would suffer from loneliness. So, finally they thought of the concept of foster family. They decided to rehabilitate widows and orphans in the same place and thereby create foster families.


Q.5. Do you think Prashant is a good leader? Do you think young people can get together to help people during natural calamities ?

Answer: Yes, Prashant is really a good leader, because he possesses risk taking capacity. He is so courageous that he could face hardships and difficulties. He fought against natural calamities anf adverse situations. He united people to work for the needy and sufferers.

 It is true of course that young people should get together to help the suffering  people during natural calamities anywhere.



INSIDE/ EXTRA QUESTION ANSWER..


1. Why did Prasant go to Ersama ?

Answer: To spend a day.

2.What was the velocity of the storm ?

Answer: 350 km/per hour.

3. How long did the cyclone last ?

Answer: 36 hours.

4. How did Prashant and his friends family saved themselves ?

Answer: Climbing up the roof of their house.

5.How long did Prashant stay in his friend's house ?

Answer_ Two days.

6. How did Prashant check the water level while returning ?

Answer: with a stick.

7. What did Prashant see while returning home ?

Answer: Human corpse and animal carcass.

8. Who is the author of this lesson ?

Answer: Harsh Mander.

9. How many cyclne victims stayed in the shelter ?

Answer: Around 2500 people.

10. What was the distance between Prashant's village and Ersama ?

Answer- 18 k.m.

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• December 25, 2025 0 $type={blogger}

VERB PHRASES OR MAKE SENTENCE...

   November 11, 2025      

Verb phrases is also called make sentence or frame sentence. This is a part of class X syllabus under SEBA/CBSE etc. Students should wrie down these phrases on copy and learn properly. 



A


All at once- (suddenly)- All at once fire broke out.
All in all.(main)- The Principal is all in all.
At a loss.(confuse)- I was at a loss at that time.
At a stretch (continuously)- It rained at a stretch.
As well as.(also)- Ram as well as Anil came.
Approve of.(agree)- He approved of our plan.
At par.(accordingly)- Your result is not at par your studies.

B

Bag & baggage.(with luggage)- He left bag and baggage.
Black sheep.(evil mind)- He is black sheep in the family.
By dint of .(because of)- He passed by dint of hard work.
By means of .(with help)- He passed by means of unfair ways.
Bring to light.(to expose)- His evil plan is brought to light.
Break in upon.(Interfare)-donot break in upon our discussion.
Blue blood.(royal background)- You may take pride in your blue blood.
Bad blood.(quarrel)- There is bad blood between two families.
By no means.(never)- Assam is by no means a poor state.
By degrees.(step by step)-He succeeded by degrees.
By fits and starts.(sometimes)-he earns money by fits and starts.
Bring up.(grow up)- I was brought up by grandmother.
Break out.(occur)-Suddenly fire broke out in the building.

C

Cats and dogs.(heavy)- It rained cats and dogs here.
Crocodile tears.(false sympathy)- False friends always sheds crocodile tears.
Close at hands.(near)- The snake was close at hands.
Call in.(Invite)- Call in a doctor.
Call on (meet)- I called on him just a while ago.
Call for.(ask for)- The organisation called for a bandh.
Come round.(recover)- Finally he came round from prolonged illness.
Carry out.(follow)-He carried out his duties.


D


Dead against.(against)- We are dead against the new order.
Die in harness.(sudden death)-The officer died in harness.


E

Escape from.(escape)- We escaped from the trap.
Ever and anon.(sometimes)-please come here ever and anon.


F

For good.(forever)- They left India for good.
Fall short of .(less mumber)- The amount fall short of my need.
Fall out.(quarrel)-They fell out just for a piece of pen.
Fond of.(attracted)- He is fond of sweets.
Far cry.(impossible)-Development is still a far cry.


G

Give up.( sacrifice)- Give up your bad habits.
Get rid of .(leave/away)- You must get rid of your evil company.
Give away.(distribute)-He gave away the prizes.
Get over.(overcome)- somehow he got over his problems.


H

Hard and fast.(strict)-There is not any  hard and fast rule here.
Hold good.(applicable)- This rule does not hold good here.
Hand over.(to give)- Mr.Das handed over the charge.
Hang around.(stay silent)-Why are you hanging around here.?


I

Ins and outs.(In detail)- Please tell me ins and outs of the fact.
In a nutshell.(brief)-Tell me the story in a nut shell.
Instead of.(or)-Buy thia instead of that.
In black and white.(written)- He complained in black and white.
In no time.(quickly)- He arrived in no time.
In spite of .(despite)-He reached in spite of curfew.


J

Jealous of (dislike)- He  is jealous of my success.


K

Kith and kin.(relative)- I have many kith and kin in this village.


L
Look after.(Atake care)- Look after your baby.
Look for.(search)- I am lookig for a servant.
Look down upon.(neglect)- Donot look down upon the poor.
Look into.(investigate)- Police will look into the matter.


M

Make out.(understand)- Try to make out the sum.
Maiden speech.(Avaluable speech)- Dr.Ambedkar delivered hs maiden speech.


N

Null and void.(postponed)- This is a null and void law now.
Now and then.(sometimes)-He visits us now and then.
Nook and corner.(every corner)- He searched the moneybag every nook anf corner.


O

Off and on.(sometimes)- I go to market off and on.
On the contrary.(instead)- I do not like on the contrary, I hate it.
Open secret.(known to all)- The murder is an open secret now.
Of late.(recently)- The officer visited us of late.


P

Part with.(seperate from thing)-I can not part with my bike.
Part from.(seperate from person)- We can not part from our parents.
Part and parcel.(necessary part)- Education is part and parcel of human life.
Put off.(remove)- Put off your new dress.


R

Run over (accident)- A car ran over a dg.


S

Set aside.(keep aside)- The rules have been set aside.
Step by step.(part part)- Step by step he succeeded.
Summer friend.(false friend)-Do not be my summer friend.
See off (bye bye)- I went out to see off my friend.
Set out.(begin journey)- He set out for Delhi.
Stand by.( ready to help)_ I shall always stand by you in diffficulty.
Set up.(establish)- He has set up a business.


T

Take place.(occur)- An accident took place yesterday.
Turn up.(arrive)- Many persons were invited but a few turned up.
Take for.(mistake)- I took him for his brother.
Take over.(take charge)- He took over the the charge of Principal.


U

Ups and downs.(problems)- Life is full of ups and downs.


W

Well to do.(rich)-He belongs to a well to do family.
Weal and woe.( sorrow & happiness)-He stood by me in my weal and woe.
With flying colors.(successfully)-He came back with flying colors.








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• November 11, 2025 0 $type={blogger}

ENGLISH GRAMMAR || DETERMINERS ||

   November 03, 2025      

DETERMINERS

  A determiner is a word which is used before a noun to show the kind of reference that it has to make. 


TYPES OF DETERMINERS: 


1) ARTICLES -- a, an, the

2) DEMONSTEATIVES: -- this, that, these, those etc

3) NUMERICALS -- one, two, three etc. 

4) ORDINALS -- first, second, third, fourth etc. 

5) POSSESSIVES -- my, mine, theirs, his etc

6) QUANTITATIVES -- few, little, much, many, some, any etc.

7) DISTRIBUTIVES -- each, every, either, neither etc. 

8) INTERROGATIVES -- what, why, when, which etc.

 USAGE OF DETERMINERS ::: 

1) ARTICLES :(already discussed  

 (Title: Articles & Article) 

USE OF IMPORTANT DETERMINERS.......

 1).MUCH / MANY:: 

Much is used to show quantity abd Many to show number.

Much--uncoutable number

Many--coutable number.

E.g : I want much sugar

      He needs much money

I have many friends here.

He needs many books.

2).FEW : Few indicates number. It may be FEW, A FEW & THE FEW.

FEW means almost nil. 

Example: I have few books in the bag.

A FEW - means something.

Example: I have a few books on my table.

THE FEW: Means all & everything.

Example: I lost the few books I had.

3).LITTLE : It indicated uncountable things. It may be LITTLE, A LITTLE & THE LITTLE.

LITTLE-means almost nil.

Example: He has little water to drink.

A LITTLE : means small amount.

Example: He has only a little milk to drink.

THE LITTLE: means all of the amount or quantity.

Example: He gave away the little water he had.

4).ANY/ SOME::

ANY is used before countable and uncountable -both.. But it is used specially with INTERROGATIVE AND NEGATIVE.

Example: Do you have any problem now?

I donot have any problem now.

SOME: is used both before countable and uncountable.

Example: I want some time to do it.

Some books are lying here.

5).ENOUGH: It means sufficient. It is used before uncountables.

Example: He is strong enough to do it.

6) EACH-- it is used to show every single person/thing seperately.

Example: Each of the five boys are gorod.

EVERY: it indicates one/single person of an unlimited number.

Example: Everyone danced in the party.

7). EITHER: it indicated any one between two number.

Example: Either this or that pen will serve the purpose.

8). NEITHER:..it indicates not any of the two things or person.

Example: Neither Ram nor Anil came to the office.

9) LESS/LEAST:

LESS---it is used to show comparison between two things or persons.

Example- He earns less money than his brother.

LEAST: It is used before countable nouns.THE-is used before it .

Example: He gave away the least money he had.

10). BOTH--- used to show two persons.

Example: Both of you are under arrest.


SOLVED DETERMINERS...........

1. We have very______ information.

Ans:: little

2. _______ European tourist met me yesterday.

Ans::A

3. We went on Camel rides to_____Pyramids.

Ans:: the

4. Kalidas is _______ Homer of India.

Ans::the

5.He gave me_______ one rupee note.

Ans:: a

6.She is ______ happier than before.

Ans:: much

7.This is ______ unanimous decision. 

Ans:: a

8. He is_____ F. R. C. S. doctor. 

Ans:: an

9. He is _____ M. B. B. S doctor. 

Ans:: an

10. _____ of the boys was given ______ award. 

Ans:: each, an

11.Do not hate _____ poor. 

Ans:: the

12.He is a man of _____ words. 

Ans:: few. 

13.My uncle is _____ N. C. C cadet. 

Ans:: an

14.I can depend on ______ friends I have. 

Ans:: the few

15.A lion is _____ stronger than a tiger. 

Ans:: much

16.My brother reads in _____ LP school. 

Ans:: an

17.There are only______ pens on the table. 

Ans:: a few

18. He is _______ one eyed man

Ans:: a

19.The patient is very ill, still there is ______ hope of his recovery. 

Ans:: a little. 

20. She is _____ European lady. 

Ans:: a

21. I have only____books

Ans: a few.

22. Do you have ____problem now?

Ans: any

23. He does not know____language.

Ans: any.

24._________men are free fro faults.

Ans;Few.

25. My uncle is in ____Army.

Ans;the

26.I appreciate even ____help he offered me.

Ans: a little.

27.He has just____pens.

Ans: a few.

28. He knows ___French language.

Ans: The

29.____learning is a dangerous thing.

Ans: a little.

30. He is brave____to do it.

Ans:enough.

31.___of the two pen writes well.

Ans:neither.

32. _____you or your brother must come.

Ans: either.

   1 Comment

• November 03, 2025 1 $type={blogger}

REPORT WRITING

   November 03, 2025      

WHAT IS REPORT WRITING-

Report writing is spot composition. Reports are written on road accidents, games and sports, festivals, meetings etc.. report may also be termed as formal or official staement by a professional  reporter.


HOW IS REPORT WRITTEN--

1. Head line or Title: It is necessary to give title to the report. It should be attractive and short (passive voice).

2. Date and place: Date and the name of place is to be written in the very beginning of the paragraph. Example: Kamrup; !2 june ...

3. Begin writing in simple language without  any detail . The first line should include name, date, time and the incident with the result.

4.Use of passive voice is very important.

5. The report shoud be brief, clear with logical sequence of the sentences.



REPORT BY NEWSPAPER CORRESPONDANT

SCHOOL LEVEL REPROT WRITING.

1.Q . Prepare a report on a road accident that occcured in ayour locality and caused 3 dead.

Answer-  
               Three died in a Road Accident

Kamrup Metro, july: Three persons died at the spot and two others injured seriously here at Narengi this morning at around 9am when a Swift Desire met with a head on collision with a ;oaded truck.It is reported that a Dispur bound Maruti swift desire (AS-04:5462) hit a truck (AS-10:3281) coming from opposite direction at a turning . Reportedly the driver of the car and his co-passenger died at the spot whereas two other  rear seat passangers includint the truck driver are seriously injured.Following the incident a number of roadside people came forward for resque operation. Police and ambulance came after half an hour. The dead and injured are sent to Dispur PHC for post mortem and treatment respectively. A case has been registered and police investigation is going on for further detail.


2.Q. Prepare a report on heavy rainfall that causes difficulties in city life.

Answer- 

               Heavy Rainfall Disrupts City Life

Guwahati, 15 June: Incessant rainfall for five days caused havoc in city life for a couple of days. It has been seen that both Guwahati and its neighbouring areas are lashed by heavy rainfall accompanied by thunder and lightning for almost five days.Most of the public areas are affected by water logging. This has caused constant traffic jam and communication failure.The common people related to office, courts,  school and college are the worst victim of this flesh flood havoc. Particularly the people living in zoo road, Anil nagar and Nabin nagar are severely affected by water loggging. For the last few days electricity supply has failed completely. People go to their work places through knee-deep water.Various govt. agencies, NGO's have been working day and night to wipe away the water but in vain due to repeated rainfall. It is known that a high level govt. meeting was convened on this issue but  people raised finger at the city development authority who faled to provide systametic drainage facility.







   1 Comment

• November 03, 2025 1 $type={blogger}

GOING PLACES _______By-A.R.Barton

   September 02, 2025      

GOING PLACES.........By___A.R.Barton




Introduction:: 

       This chapter has been written by A.R.Barton, a London based pilot cum writer. Going Places deals with the features of adolescence period like day dreaming, fantasizing, hero worship etc. Here we find a concrete contrast between reality and imagination. Geoff & Jansie are realistic where as Sophie roams in her own dream world. She is an ambitious girl. She has a dream to owe Danny Casey, the Irish football player. Her dreams are, in fact worthless since she belongs to a middle class family background.
 


About the author: 

      Anthony Richard Henry Barton ( 17 Dec/1913--- 4 April/1943) was an English author who served with the Royal Air Force (RAF) during the second world war.. This dynamic officer & author died in an accident  in 1943.




Textual Question Answer::


PAGE-79- (THINK AS YOU READ)


1. Where was it most likely that the two girls would find work after school? 



Answer--

        Only a few months were  there that Sophie and Jansie would complete their school. Jansie knows very well they were earmarked for the biscuit factory. There is, of course, chances that they would get some work in shops. In fact, in spite of Sophie's wild dreams, Jansie is sure of what they would do after school.


2.What were the options that Sophie was dreaming of ? Why does Jansie discourage her from having such dreams?

Answer--

       Sophie dreamt of other options. She wanted to open a boutique. She also wanted to have the most amazing shops that the city had ever seen. She also wanted to be an actress or a fashion designer.
However, Jansie had her feet firmly set on the ground; for she was a girl of realistic temperament. She wanted that Sophie should drop her baseless plans.


PAGE--81 (THINK AS YOU READ)


1. Why did Sophie wriggle when Geoff told her father that she had met Danny Casey?


Answer--

      Danny Casie was a star football player. Sophie was crazy to meet him. However, once she told her brother Geoff that she met Danny. Geoff informed this to their father. On hearing this the father turned his head and looked at Sophie scornfully. Sophie just wriggled from where she was sitting at the table.


2. Does Geoff believe what Sophie says about her meeting with Danny Casey?

Answer--

Sophie's brother does not seem to believe that Sophie met Danny Casie. In this respect he says::

        " It's never true,
        "I donot believe."
        "Alright, what does he look like?"

From these lines it is clearly understood that Geoff is not convinced at Sophie'e claim.


3. Does her father believe her story?

 Answer--

          Like Geoff, Sophie's father also does not believe Sophie's story. In spite of being himself a fan of Danny Casey, He (father) is not convinced at Sophie's story. When Geoff tells him about Sophie's meeting with Danny, their father just turns his head to look at Sophie. He ignores it thinking that it is of Sophie's wild stories.


4. How does Sophie include her brother Geoff in her fantasy of her future?

Answer--

    Sophie always lives in a world of  fantasy and day dream. But her brother Geoff lives in a real world. He is an apprentice mechanic by profession. He does not share Sophie's wild dreams. He does not like Sophie's style of artificial description of false story.
    On the other hand, Sophie does not like Geoff's silence. She wants to include him in her world of fantasy. She wants to share her thoughts with Geoff. She imagines that she would ride behind Geoff in the world of dreams wearing shining leather and yellow dress respectively.




5. Which country did Danny Casey play for ?

Answer--

    Danny Casey played for Ireland (United)



PAGE-85-(THINK AS YOU READ)


1. Why did not Sophie want Jensie to know about her story with Danny ?

Answer--- 

      It is Jansie who told Sophie that Geoff got the news of her meeting with Danny Casey. Sophie knew that her father know about it from Geoff. On hearing this Sophie got shocked and cursed Geoff. She thought that the whole neighborhood would come to know the entire story. 



2. Did Sophie really meet Danny Casey?


Answer-- 

         As found in the text, Sophie met Danny Casey only on one occasion in person. 
 However, Sophie was very much fascinated by the young football player of Ireland. She dreamt and imagined her meeting with him. Although it was not possible in real life, she kept on making stories involving Danny Casey.




3.Which was the only occasion when she got to see Danny Casey in person?

Answer-- 

    Sophie got an opportunity to meet Danny Casey once. It was when her father, brother Geoff and little Derek and Sophie herself went to watch the match on Saturday. She watched how the united own two hits. She was thrilled seeing how Danny Casey scored a goal. It was, indeed, a moment of pride for her.



UNDERSTANDING THE TEXT


1. Sophie and Jansie were class-mates and friends. What were the differences between them that show up in the story?

Answer--

       Sophie and Jansie were classmate and friend. They had only a few months left that they would pass out of school. Although they were good friends in taste, they were originally poles apart.

      So far Sophie's activities are concerned, she does not seem to be a girl of this realistic world. She constantly lives in the world of dream.Her dreams are so fantastic that she did not like to come out of it. She is an escapist from the world of reality. Whereas, Jansie is a realistic girl who knows about the cruel realities of this world. When Sophie dreams of becoming an actress or a fashion designer or opening a boutique, Jansie advises Sophie to come to the real world. They have difference in thoughts. Jansie understood the realities of life whereas Sophie did not even know how to make her dreams come true.



2. How would you describe the character and temperament of Sophie's father?


Answer--
  
    Sophie's father is a man having plumy face. He looks grimy and sweaty due to hard work. He is presented as a man of aggressive manner.

Like many other fathers he knows his daughter Sophie very well. He does not believe in her wild stories. But in one aspect the father has a similarity with the daughter. Like Sophie, he is also a crazy football fan of Danny Casey.

When the father came to know about Sophie's meeting with Danny Casey, he did not pay attention to the matter. He just turn his head to see Sophie with utter dislike. Reacting to this Sophie wriggled from where she was sitting. Overall, the father ignored his daughter and went on watching the television.

  Sophie's father was a true football lover. Once on Saturday he went to watch the match with Geoff, little Derek and Sophie. The united won two nil and Danny drove in the second goal. Being overjoyed at this, Sophie's father went to a pub to celebrate the victory.




3. Why did Sophie like her brother Geoff more than any other person? From her perspective, what did he symbolize?

Answer--

    Sophie considered her elder brother Geoff trustworthy than any other person. Geoff listened to her attentively but talked less. Sophie shared her wild dreams with Geoff. Of course Geoff maintained secrecy. Sophie was ready to share even those areas of her life with Geoff that she herself was not sure of. She talked to him about Danny Casey. Geoff understood her passion and obsession for the celebrity player but Geoff did not like her ideas. He reminded Sophie that many young girls like her run after celebrities but in vain. 
       Thus, Geoff symbolizes him as a guardian for Jansie whereas Sophie considered him as her guide.



4. What socio-economic background did Sophie belong to? What are the indications of her family's financial status?


Answer--

     Sophie came from a middle class family. Her father is a hard working person. Still he is a fan of Danny Casey. They had a small, untidy kitchen. Her mother looked busy with her household works which eventually indicates that they did not have well to do family.




EXTRA QUESTION ANSWERS---



1.Who is the author of Going Places?

 Answer-- A.R.Barton


2.What is the theme of this story?

Answer-- Adolescent fantasizing and hero worship.


3.What are Sophie's dreams ?

Answer--- To be a Manager or actress or Fashion Designer. She also wants to open a boutique.


4.Whom does Sophie want to be like?

Answer-- Mar Quant.


5.What does Jansie know about their future career?

Answer-- Jansie knew that they have to work in Biscuit factory.


6.Name Sophie'e two brothers?

Answer-- Geoff and Derek.


7.What is Geoff by profession?

Answer-- An apprentice mechanic.


8.Who is Dany Casey ?

Answer--- An Irish Football player? Irish Prodigy.


9. Where did Sophie claimed to have seen/ meet Dany Casey?

Answer--In Royce's./Arcade


10. Whom does Sophie's father knew long ago?

Answer-- Tom Fanney.


11.Which team did Dany Casey play for?

Answer-- United.


12.Which day did the family go to watch match ?

Answer-- Saturday.


13. Whom does Sophie rely on?

Answer- Sophie relied on her brother Geoff.


14. What was her father's reaction to Sophie's wild stories?

Answer-- He neither believes in Sophie's stories nor looked attentive to her. He rather considered it as her stupid dreams.


15. What did Sophie expect from Geoff ?

Answer-- Sophie expects that Geoff should take her to the outside world on his bike. But Geoff told her that she was too young to go and understood the outer world.



  

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• September 02, 2025 0 $type={blogger}
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