BEGINNERS' TENSE

BEGINNERS' TENSE

   July 24, 2022       RSC

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BEGINNERS' TENSE 

## TENSE IDENTIFICATION TASK:

Tense may be called the basic part of various grammar topics. Before going to solve Voice or Narration

 It is very important to identify the tense of the sentences. Without having proper knowledge of the

 three Tense, their four parts each and altogether 12 tense structure, it is quite impossible to attempt 

VOICE CHANGE OR NARRATION. Besides, such students can not either compose their own English

 or comprehend any paragraph written in English. Hence it is suggested that they should follow

 ENGLISH GRAMMAR TOPIC :TENSE in this blog and then follow the following exercise. 

Question:: Identify  tense of the following Sentence (name out of twelve types )

1. He is a student.

2. I have cut my finger.

3. Honesty is the best policy.

4. We have a car.

5.They do not do their works.

6. I loved my country.

7. Do you do your works ?

8.Raja is a good student.

9. They have their dinner.

10. Knowledge is power.

11. Is he a good boy?

12. I have my hair cut every month.

13. I have a task to complete.

14. It's 9 pm now.

15. He is our President.

16. I lost my car.

17. Please sing a song.

18. They will have done their work.

19. I may call you back.

20. can I do it ?

21.It rained yesterday.

22. It may rain tonight.

23. He cut an apple yesterday.

24.She cuts her shoe lace.

25. I cut my nail every week.

26. John has been a teacher.

27. We have been in London for many years.

28.I had been a student of this school.

29. He looks very smart.

30. Do I look depressed today ?

 ANSWERS:

1. PRESENT INDEFINITE TENSE.

2.PRESENT PERFECT TENSE.

3. PRESENT INDEFINITE.

4.PRESENT INDEFINITE.

5. PRESENT INDEFINITE.

6.PAST INDEFINITE.

7. PRESENT INDEFINITE.

8.PRESENT INDEFINITE.

9. PRESENT INDEFINITE.

10. PRESENT INDEFINITE.

11.PRESENT INDEFINITE.

12.PRESENT INDEFINITE.

13. PRESENT INDEFINITE.

14. PRESENT INDEFINITE.

15. PRESENT INDEFINITE.

16.PAST INDEFINITE.

17. PRESENT  INDEFINITE.

18, FUTURE PERFECT.

19. PRESENT INDEFINITE.

20.PRESENT INDEFINITE.

21. PAST INDEFINITE.

22. PAST INDEFINITE.

23.PAST INDEFINITE.

24. PRESENT INDIFINITE.

25. PRESENT INDEFINITE.

26. PRESENT PERFECT.

27. PRESENT PERFECT.

28. PAST PERFECT.

29. PRESENT INDEFINITE.

30. PRESENT INDEFINITE.

NAME TENSE OF THE FOLLOWING STRUCTURES.

1. SUB+VERB2+ OBJECT.

ANSWER: PAST INDEFINITE. 

2.SUB+ SHALL/WILL+V1+OBJ

ANSWER: FUTURE INDEFINITE.

3.SUB+HAVE/HAS+V3+OBJ.

ANSWER: PRESENT PERFECT.

4. SUB+HAD+V3+OBJ.

ANSWER: PAST PERFECT.

5. SUB+HAVE/HAS+BEEN+V1+ING+OBJ.

ANSWER: PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS.

6. SUB+SHALL/WILL+HAVE+BEEN+V1+ING +OBJ

ANSWER: FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS.

5. SUB+AM/IS/ARE+V+ING+OBJ.

ANSWER: PRESENT CONTINUOUS.

6. SUB+WAS/WERE+V1+OBJ.

ANSWER: PAST CONTINUOUS.

FIND OUT TENSE RELATED MISTAKES IN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE:

1. I LIKES TOY. 

ANSWER: I LIKE TOY.

2.SHE DO NOT DO HER WORKS.

ANSWER: SHE DOES NOT DO HER WORKS.

3. I DID MY HOME WORK JUST NOW.

ANSWER: I HAVE DONE MY HOME WORK JUST NOW.

4.HE IS KNOWING ME.

ANSWER: HE KNOWS ME.

5. I AM WISHING YOU A HAPPY BIRTHDAY.

ANSWER: I WISH YOU A HAPPY BIRTHDAY.

6. HE IS FEELING VERY COLD

ANSWER: HE FEELS VERY COLD.

7. HE HAS BEEN KNOWING ME SINCE 2015.

ANSWER: HE HAS KNOWN ME SINCE 2015.

8. IT IS RAINING FROM YESTERDAY.

ANSWER: IT HAS BEEN RAINING SINCE YESTERDAY.

9. I AM DOING MY BATH.

ANSWER: I AM TAKING BATH.

10. HE WILL HAS DONE THE WORK.

ANSWER: HE WILL HAVE DONE THE WORK.

11. I SHALL HAVE EATING RICE.

ANSWER: I SHALL HAVE EATEN RICE.

12. HE COULD HAS DONE THE WORK.

ANSWER: HE COULD HAVE DONE THE WORK.

13. JUSTIN HAVE DONE IT.

ANSWER: JUSTIN HAS DONE IT.

14. HE CAME SHORTLY.

ANSWER: HE WILL COME SHORTLY.

15. THE RESULT WILL BE DECLARED RECENTLY.

ANSWER: THE RESULT WILL BE DECLARED SHORTLY.

16. HE DOES NOT DOES HIS WORKS ON TIME.

ANSWER: HE DOES NOT DO HIS WORKS ON TIME.

17.  HE WILL COME BY THE NEXT SUNDAY.

ANSWER: HE WILL HAVE COME BY THE NEXT SUNDAY.

18. IF HE DO IT HE WOULD HAVE SUCCEEDED.

ANSWER: IF HE HAD DONE IT HE WOULD HAVE SUCCEEDED.

19. IF IT RAIN I SHALL NOT GO THERE.

ANSWER: IF IT RAINS I SHALL NOT GO THERE.

20. IF I WAS A GHOST I WOULD PUNISH THEM.

ANSWER: IF I WERE A GHOST I WOULD PUNISH THEM.

### RELATION BETWEEN TENSE AND VOICE.

Although Voice is a separate topic, it has close link with Tense. 

1st - Voice change is done tense wise. For instance Present Tense Voice (Indefinite, continuous, perfect)

    In perfect continuous tense, there is no change of voice.

2nd -  Similarly, in Past Tense Voice is changed in Past Indefinite, Past continuous and Past Perfect.;

     but not in Past Perfect Continuous.

3rd - Again in Future Tense, Voice is changes in Future Indefinite and Future Perfect. There is no

     change of Voice in Future Continuous and Future Perfect Continuous Tense.

    ##Apart from these, Voice change is  done with Auxiliary Verbs, Wh-question words, agentless sentences etc.

    ## We have added a post on VOICE CHANGE separately.. so learners can refer to that for better understanding of the topic.

##  RELATION BETWEET TENSE AND NARRATION OR SPEECH.

This is also a Topic of discussion. Students on Non-Native countries, very often fail to understand that

 reported speech (E.g -"I am very ill") is attached to Tense. To change Speech, it is very important to

 guess the tense of  reported speech. Then only one can change Direct Speech into Indirect.

 Ex: He Said, " I am very ill."

here, reporting speech is in past Tense, but the reported speech is in Present Simple. (it is of prime

 importance that the student understood it, otherwise- it is quite impossible to change the speech.

 

Answer:  He said that he was very ill.

THUS, IT IS CLEARLY UNDERSTOOD THAT  WITHOUT PROPER KNOWLEDGE OF TENSE, 

STUDENTS MAY NOT SUCCESSFULLY SOLVE TENSE, VOICE AND NARRATION RELATED QUESTION.

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|| FLAMINGO || MY MOTHER AT SIXTY SIX || NCERT CLASS 12 SOLUTION ||

|| FLAMINGO || MY MOTHER AT SIXTY SIX || NCERT CLASS 12 SOLUTION ||

   July 09, 2022       RSC

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    || FLAMINGO || MY MOTHER AT SIXTY SIX || NCERT 12 SOLUTION ||

 

An Introduction to the poet :

KAMALA DAS: The poet Kamala das is an Indian poet. She was born in Malabar,  Kerala in 1934. She wrote in Malayalam and English under the pen name Madhavikutty. She published many of her books  like novels, short stories etc in English. Kamala das is a serious writer, who could delve into the character of her stories. Being herself a sensitive writer she could understand human relations better which we find in her writings. This poem is also not an exception.

Some of Kamala Das's notable works are :

1. Alphabet of Lust, Novel (1977)

2. Padmavati the Harlot and other stories (1992)

An Introduction to 'My Mother at Sixty Six'.

Considering herself a responsible daughter, the speaker Kamala Das observes her mother's face and state of health closely. Subsequently she finds that due to ageing she looks pale and ashen, which, for a conscious daughter is unbearable. Although ageing is a natural process, still it is not tolerable on the part of some exceptional people. The speaker is one of such persons. She feels so pain that instantly she looks outside through the window of the car with view to forgetting her mother's pathetic sight. Even at the last moment, she hides her pain showing her smiling face and bidding farewell.

THE POEM (TEXT)

MY MOTHER AT SIXTY SIX

Driving from my parent's 

home to Cochin last Friday

morning, I saw my mother,

beside me,

doze, open mouthed, her face

ashen like that

of a corpse and realized with

pain

that she was as old as she

looked but soon

put that thought away, and

looked out at young

Trees sprinting, the merry children spilling

out of their homes, but after airport's

security check, standing a few yards 

away, I looked again at her, wan

pale

as a late winter's moon and felt that

old

familiar ache, my childhood fear,

but all I said was, see you soon,

Amma,

all I did was smile and smile and 

smile......

WORD NOTES:

Ashen - very pale with illness

corpse - a dead body

sprinting - to run fast

spilling - to scatter, move out

wan - weak, pale, colorless

 LINE BY LINE SUMMARY OF THE POEM ' MY MOTHER AT SIXTY SIX'

   As has been mentioned by the speaker, she, along with her mother, was going to the Cochin airport in order to travel somewhere. Her mother went just to see off her. But while going by car, the speaker happened to notice her mother's face very closely and she found that her mother looked very pale with her open mouth teeth etc. In an instant, the speaker compares her mother's face to that of a corpse or dead body.. As she considered it painful to see such a face even if it was her mother's. Hence to avoid the sight, she looked outside to observe the opposite scene, which was lively and energetic. That was the sight old young trees and also of the playing young children. Then, they reached the airport and after the security check, the speaker looked at her mother's face once again closely, but she finds no difference. Her mother's face looked like that of a fading moon. In fact, this was her childhood fear that old age is the period of deformed body, pale face and corpse like figure. Finally the poet assures herself that after coming back she will meet her mother again. So, with her smiling face she tells that she would see her mother after her short errand or journey. 

CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE POEM:

Time is the ultimate destroyer, it spares none. This is applicable to human beings also. As one grows up, one comes across different stages of life. To some people it is a natural phenomenon and to some others it is a challenge. That is why very often, with the help of scientific devices and tools people who can afford, try to hide their age or defeat ageing. But the ultimate truth can not be hidden. hard time comes to everyone from an emperor to an ordinary human being. In this poem, the speaker tries to divert her attention from the reality, but she fails. She is not ready to accept that her mother has become older with the passage of time, but this truth is very rough or harsh for her. The lines......' but soon ...put that thought away' indicates that the poet is afraid of facing the truth. Similarly the poet had a fear of losing her dearest one since her childhood. She says: 'my childhood fear. 'is also an indication of her helplessness with regard to ageing and the subsequent stage of her mother. Her final lines indicate the poet's escapism. She says; 'see you soon, Amma, all I did was smile and smile and smile. Thus the poet seems to have escaped the reality. 

Over all, this poem expresses the feelings of the poet about her mother from the very core of her heart 

TEXTUAL QUESTION ANSWERS:

1. What is the kind of pain and ache that the poet feels ?

Answer: 

The pain and the ache that the poet feels is her fear since her childhood. This has been reminded by her mother's pale face which looks like that  of a corpse. This is, in fact the fear of decay and eventual death.

2. Why are the young trees described as 'sprinting' ?

Answer:

Whenever one travels by a fast moving vehicle, even the standing things or objects seem to be running backward fast. Such appearance has been termed a sprinting.

3. Why has the poet brought in the image of the merry children 'spilling out of their homes?'

Answer: 

The poet's mother is dozing. She looks lifeless as if a corpse. She is an image of decay and ageing. Comparing to her, the children who are coming out of home, are very happy. They symbolize vitality and energy. 

4.Why has the mother been compared to the late winter's moon ?

Answer:

This is a comparison which is also known a 'simile'. The pale and bloodless appearance of the poet's mother resembles that of a corpse due to her ageing. She has lost her charm and strength of early life like that of the moon. Now both the moon and the poet's mother are at the same stage. Hence this is a suitable comparison.

5.What do the parting words of the poet and her smile signify ?

Answer: The parting words "see you soon, Amma," is an assurance of life and encouragement to an old and infirm mother. The poet tries to hide her emotions and keeps smiling in order to overcome the ache and fear inside her heart.

EXTRA QUESTION AND ANSWERS:

1. How does the poet's mother look like? What kind of image has the poet used to signify her ageing and decay ?

Answer:

The poet's mother looks pale and shine less due to old age. She looks dozing as old people normally do while sitting or travelling.

    The poet's mother's ashen face indicates that she is an image of death.

2. Why does the poet put that thought away and looks outside ?

Answer:

The thought that the poet's mother's face  looks like that of a corpse due to over ageing. Seeing this, the poet feels pain and instantly, she put that thought away and looks outside with a view to diverting her attention. 

3. What does the poet see happening outside ?

Answer:

The poet, seeking diversion from her mother's corpse like appearance, looks outside and enjoys young sprinting trees. Also she notices the happy children running out of their homes.

4. What was the poet's childhood fear ?

Answer: 

The poet's childhood fear is that with the ageing her mother would come across decay and  ultimate death, which is beyond her control. Hence she fears that she is going to lose her mother.

5. What does the expression 'looks at the outside world' mean ?

Answer:

 This means the poet's looking outside through the window of the vehicle. She looks at the merry children coming out of their home and the young trees sprinting.

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS:

1. Who is the poet of the poem 'My Mother at Sixty Six'?

Answer: Kamala Das.

2.Where airport were they driving  to ?

answer: Cochin airport.

3.What was the poet's mother doing ?

Answer: The poet's mother was dozing with her open mouth.

4. Which thought did the poet put away ?

Answer: The poet put the thought of her aging mother away from her mind for a while.

5. What does 'security check' mean ?

Answer: Here security check means the routine security check up at the airport.

 

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HORNBILL || CHILDHOOD || NCERT CLASS 11 SOLUTION ||

HORNBILL || CHILDHOOD || NCERT CLASS 11 SOLUTION ||

   July 04, 2022       RSC

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INTRODUCTION TO THE POET :

Markus Natten is writer of Norway. He was born on 23 June, 1975. He is the author of two famous 

books  - The Book Thief and The Messenger. He composed many sonnets and poems also. His ' 

Childhood ' is a famous poem of course. 

AN INTRODUCTION TO THE POEM 'CHILDHOOD'.: 

 Through this poem the poet makes us go back to our childhood. He contemplates over his own lost 

childhood. Once he lost his childhood means he lost his innocence as well. He contemplate over the 

fact that the more one grows up, the more one loses this early stage of life. Then with the passage

 of time, as we grow, we see hypocrites around us. 

 

THE POEM (TEXT) 

CHILDHOOD

                                  Markus Natten

 

When did my childhood go? 

Was it the day I ceased to be eleven, 

Was it the time I realised that Hell and Heaven, 

Could not be found in Geography, 

And therefore could not be, 

Was that the day! 

When did my childhood go? 

Was it the time I realised that adults were not

all they seemed to be

They talked of love and preaslched of love, 

But did not act so lovingly, 

Was that the day! 

When did my childhood go? 

Was it when I found my mind was really mine, 

To use whichever way I choose, 

Producing thoughts that were not those of other people

But my own, and mine alone

Was that the day! 

Where did my childhood go? 

It went to some forgotten place, 

That's hidden in an infant's face, 

That's all I know. 

TEXTUAL QUESTION ANSWERS:

Think it out:: 

1. Identify the stanza that talks of each of the following. 

Individuality - Third stanza

Rationalism - First stanza. 

Hypocrisy - Second stanza. 

2.What according to the poem is involved in the process of growing up? 

Answer: According to the poem, the lose of childhood is involved in the process of growing up. This lose is compensated by some gains which come with adolescence. These are - increase I  understanding, power of rationality and discrimination and self confidence. 

3. What is the poet's feeling towards childhood? 

Answer: The poet regards childhood as an important stage in the process of growing up. Childhood is period of make-up belief on every one's part since children easily believes and accepts what the seniors say. Though the poet talks of lost childhood, he has not repented of his lose. 

4. Which do you think are the most poetic lines? Why? 

Answer: The most poetic lines in the poem are:

.. It went to some forgotten place, 

.. That's hidden in an infant's face, 

.. That's all I know. 

First of all these lines have beautifully sums up the poem. Further, it seems that the poet has revealed that childhood lies hidden burried deep inside consciousness of children at large. 

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