ENGLISH GRAMMAR|| NOTICE WRITING ||

ENGLISH GRAMMAR|| NOTICE WRITING ||

   December 09, 2024       RSC

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Notice writing is a kind of spot composition. Before writing a notice it is necessary to understand the

 subject matter. If  the notice writing task is meant for students, the question should be read first. 

Then arranging idea is very important. Remember that Notice is written for common people or the

 masses in general. Hence the writer should not involve himself or herself in the notice. It is also

 necessary to remember the word limit.

• SAMPLE NOTICE:

1) you are karan, the Magazine Secretary of your college magazine. Draft a notice for the College  notice board inviting write ups from the interested students as 'HORIZON', the annual college magazine is  going to be published soon.

        

Answer:                          

                           ABCD COLLEGE 

                                   NOTICE

                  The College Magazine  'HORIZON'

10.06.2022

        It is hereby notified to all the budding writers of this college that the annual college magazine 'Horizon' is likely to be published next month. Hence, the editorial board is pleased to invite write ups  from the interested students on various topics like article, poem, inspirational quotes, brief biographies  etc written in beautiful handwriting and distinct as well. Submission last date of the write ups is  20.06.2022. The write ups may be submitted personally to the Magazine Secretary or kept in the drop  box. For details contact the undersigned.

 Karan

Magazine Secretary

Q.2. Draft a notice for the School notice board asking all the students to attend School early in the

 morning at 7am on the occasion of Independence day.

Answer:

                                NOTICE  

                Independence Day Celebration.

14.08.2022

    It is hereby notified to all the students of this School that like every year this year also we are goingto celebrate Independence Day. Hence all the students are asked to attend school at 7am sharp as flag  hoisting programme will be held at 7.15am. Then, flag hoisting will be followed by various colourful  events one after another like N.C.C march Past, sports for boys and girls as well. Students may bring  water bottles with them as food packets are to be distributed at noon.     For more information, you may contact your PT teacher.

Mr. Das

PT teacher.

Q.3. Draft a notice for the College Notice Board informing students that a friendly Cricket Match

 will be played between class 11 and 12 the following day. Also inform to contact the undersigned for

 further details.

Answer:

                           NOTICE

                        Cricket Match

12.10.22

    It is hereby notified to all the interested participants that a friendly cricket match will be played  between class 11 and 12 tomorrow from 2pm.The innings will be of 10 overs. Hence, interested  participants are expected to contact the undersigned with a nominal  joining fees of Rs- 50/- before 10  am tomorrow. Hope you will avail the first come first chance opportunity.      For further detail or any quarry, you may contact the undersigned.

Mr. Anil

Sports Secretary.   

Q.4. Write a notice for the school notice board inviting volunteers for a one day blood donation camp organized by the Red Cross society of India at your school.

Answer:

                                NOTICE

                      Blood Donation Camp.

25.06.22

    It is hereby notified to all the students of ABC School that the School is going to organize a one day blood donation camp, here at our school premises in association with the Red Cross Society, India, on  10.07.22. So the interested students who want to work as volunteer, are requested to give their names  to the undersigned on or before 05.07.22. The volunteers will be assigned the task of making the entire  programme successful.

    Navin

Red Cross Society.

Q.5. Write a notice for the College notice board inviting students to give their names the Fancy Dress Competition to be held in College Week.

Answer:

                         NOTICE

           FANCY DRESS COMPETITION

25.05.21

    It is hereby notified to all the students of MNC College that Fancy Dress Competition is part of  College Week sports events. This competition will be held on the last day of indoor sports events. There will be separate competitions for the male and female students. Hence interested participants are  asked to give their name to the undersigned on or before 20.05.22     For further detail contact the undersigned as early as possible.

    JOHN

Indoor Sports Secretary.

. 

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MY IMPRESSION OF ASSAM :AHSEC; HORNBILL

MY IMPRESSION OF ASSAM :AHSEC; HORNBILL

   December 09, 2024       RSC

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 MY IMPRESSION OF ASSAM                    -       VERRIER ELWIN

About  this  Author:  

    Harry Verrier Holman Elwin was a man of British origin. He was born on 29 August  1902 in Dover. He was the son of Edmund Henry Elwin, a bishop by profession .Elwin was educated  at Dean Close School and Merton College, Oxford. There he received his B.A degree securing first class. Later on he obtained his M.A and D.Sc. degree as well.

    Elwin worked as the Vice-Principal of Wycliff Hall, Oxford and also a Lecturer at Merton College, Oxford. Later on in 1927 he came to India as a British Missionary.

    

    This British born Indian author, anthropologist and ethnologist was a tribal activist. In the beginning he was a clergyman. After coming to India he left this post and worked with Mahatma Gandhi and the Indian National Congress. He converted into Hinduism in 1935after staying in a Gandhian Ashram.

    Elwin was a reputed writer also. His early works are based on Baigas and Gonds of Orissa, Madhya Pradesh and Central India. He married a 13 year old tribal lady and also worked for various tribal communities. He  studied about various tribal communities of North East India and also NEFA (North East Frontier Agency)

TEXTUAL QUESTION ANSWERS:

1. Who was Varrier Elwin ? Where did he make his second home ?

Ans: Varrier Elwin was a noted British author and anthropologist. He spent of his life time in India. In fact, he made the North east his second home, married a tribal girl and even he died here in India.

2.What does show Elwin's deep concern for the people of North-East region ?

Ans:Varrier Elwin was an educator and missionary in India. He travelled North Eastern regions extensively. He is called the architect of NEFA. He studied tribal life and wrote a number of books. Hence his writings on the tribal people of north east shows his deep concern for the people of this region.

3.What is the full form of AIR ?

Ans:  All Indian Reporter.

4. From where has 'My Impression of Assam' been taken ?

Ans: The essay ' My Impression of Assam has been taken from the collected works of Satish Ch. Kakati. It was edited by Prof. Dilip Kumar.

5.How much time did Varrier Elwin spend in Assam ?

Ans: Varrier Elwin spent about twenty five years in India and about four months in Assam.

6.What are the things that the author love in Assam?

Ans: Varrier Elwin loved the scenic beauty of Assam. The lively natural scenery attracted him which he admired from the very core of his heart. Besides, he loved or liked the sense of hospitality, grace and the charm of it's people. The mutual understanding, brotherhood, and above all the author very much. unity among the people of this land attracted the author very much.

TEXTUAL QUESTION AND ANSWER:

1.What does Varrier Elwin say about the tradition of courtesy and hospitality in the modern world? What advice does he give to the people of Assam on this point ?

Answer: Varrier Elwin says that the people of Assam are friendly. They show courtesy and hospitality towartds foreigners which the author did not find in other countries. He says that it is undubitably a rare thing in the modern world of competition and rivalry. He hopes that the assamese people will never forget this.

2. What difference does Varrier Elwin draw between the game sanctuaries of Kenya and Kaziranga ?

Answer: Varrier Elwin says that in east Africa there is a tradition that everybody should co operate to make the sanctuaries a success. A lot of money is spent on them. No one would dream of poaching there. There in a brief drive of cars, people see hundred of giraffes, zebras, ostriches, wild elephants, and even lions wandering about near the roads in perfect confidence. 

                Whereas, in kaziranga game reserve the animals are never sure that they are safe; they do not appear so readily. The public, here, do not co operate as like as in East Africa.

3. What appeal does the author make to the scholars of Assam concerning the songs and poems of the state ? Why does he make this appeal ?

Answer: The author appeals to the scholars of Assam concerning the songs and poems of the state. He says that they should tale the trouble to record the old songs and poems of the state. These old songs are disappearing rapidly as the new generation veers away from the traditional ways. They rather prefer the jazz music. The author says that it is very necessary to preserve the heritage of the state. So he appeals to the people of Assam to preserve the traditional music, folk songs. tales and myths of the hilly people here.

4.Why, according to Varrier Elwin, should wood carving be taught and encouraged in our educational centres ?

Answer: According to Varrier Elwin we should encourage wood carving in our traditional centres. He says that the wood carvings of Manipur and angamis are extraordinarily vigorous and beautiful. We should not let it lost. The thankhuls of Manipur make splendid decorations on their house.So do the Maos and maroms. The konyaksadorn their morungs, the Angamis make magnificent village gates, the phoms and other tribes and experts decorate drinking mugs or make toys. This art is immensely beautiful and precious but with modernity much of this art  is disappearing. Thus the author fears that if not taught and encouraged at the educational centres, wood carving might become a thing of the past.

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APPLICATION WRITING

APPLICATION WRITING

   May 25, 2024       RSC

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Application writing is a day to day practice for the students fraternity and officials across the world. There are different types of application writing. For school students leave application, half holiday application, leave application for family occasions are very essential. They should know how to write leave application. 

However, in most of the cases we find that students make a number of mistakes in their application. 

Hence in this article an effort has been made to give them proper knowledge on this topic. The objective is that they should be able to write any kind of application correctly. 

SAMPLE LEAVE APPLICATIONS::

QUESTION 1: Write an application to the Principal of your School requesting him to grand you leave for one day so as to attend your brother's marriage. 

Answer::

To,   The Principal

        ABC School

         Sashkudi.. India

        Date: 10/10/2024

Through the class teacher. 

Subject: Prayer for leave on 11/10/2024

Sir, 

       With reference to the subject cited above I have the honour that I share not be able to attend my regular clases tomorrow on account of my cousin's marriage. I shall join from the  next date. 

       Therefore I request you to grant leave on behalf of me and oblige. 

        With regards.                           

                                          Faithfully yours

                                                Xyz

Question. 2: Write an application to your Head Master seeking leave for two days to attand your uncles marriage. 

Answer: 

    To. 

         The Head Master

         Excellent Academy High School

          Date: 10/10/2023

   Subject: Prayer for three days leave. 

   Sir, 

       with due respect and humble submission I hate the honor to state that Iam in need of three days leave to attend my uncle's marriage from 12/10/2023 to 15/10/2023 . 

       Therefore, I request you to be kind enough and grant me leave for the mentioned days. 

I shall remain grateful to you for youth act  of kindness. 

   Regards                                  faithfully yours

Q. 3. You have already availed  one day leave. Write an application to the Principal of your school praying for Grant of leave of absence. 

Answer:  

   To. 

          The Principal, ABCD School. 

           Delhi.. India

          Date: 15/5/24

    Subject: Prayer for grant of leave of absence. 

Respected Sir, 

          With reference to the  subject cited above I have the honor to state that I could not attend school yesterday due to my stomach ache. 

         Therefore, I request to grant me leave of absence and oblige. I shall remain grateful to you for  your act of kindness. 

  With regards. 

                                      Faithfully yours

OFFICIAL APPLICATIONS...... 

Q. 4.Write an application to the Manager, SBI  ABC branch for  getting a new Check book. 

Answer: 

    To. 

       The Manager  SBI, ABC branch

        Guwahati, Assam

                         Date: 15/5/24

     Sir, 

           With reference to the subject cited above I have the honour to state that I have been a regular customer of your bank for a long time. However, the pages of my previous check book have been exhaur. So I am in need of a new check book as soor as possible. 

           Therefore I request you to do the needful and issue me a new checkbook and oblige. 

   With regards. 

                                                Faithfully yours. 

                   

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ENGLISH COMMUNICATION

ENGLISH COMMUNICATION

   April 20, 2024       RSC

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CHAPTER :1:        COMMUNICATION & ITS TYPES.

 

The word 'communication means speaking, listening, reading and expressing ability  and thereby understanding verbal and non verbal expressions. Since English is a foreign language for the Indian people, it is taught in India as a second language.

    Hence English communication refers to the process that involves sending and receiving messages in English language through the verbal and non verbal methods.

    It is said that communication is a two way means of communicating information and data in the form of thought and views between two or many individuals with a view to understanding the matter.

    Generally communication may be of the following types:

1. Verbal

2. Non-verbal

3. Written

4. Visual.

1.     VERBAL COMMUNICATION:

        Verbal communication is a type of communication where usually spoken words are used to deliver the message .Here, only words are used to express oneself, his or her feelings, thoughts etc. In this process the words and sounds that come out of our mouths includes tone of voice. sighs or groans etc.

        However, in case of verbal communication the following points are to be considered:

a) Think before one speaks

b)Concise and distinct delivery.

c) Confidence and no arrogance

d)Better tone quality

e) Careful listening

f) Consider and understand the listeners attitude

g) Avoid lengthy speech and confusing terms

h)Be to the point and specific

i) Co-ordination between you and the audience

j)Follow the principle of completeness.

  2. NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION:

        Non verbal communication is all about transmission of message or signals through non verbal platforms. Such platforms may be eye contact, body language social distance, touch physical appearance, code or sign language etc.

    There are four types of non verbal communication. They are-

1. Gestures

2. Facial expressions

3. Loudness or tone of voice.

4.Body language.

5. Personal space.

6.Gaze of eye.

7. Appearance.

8.Showing objects or images.

SUMMMARY OF THE CHAPTER

It has been found that communication is very essential for both a person and an organization. Without proper communication either personal or organizational no effective outcome is found. Particularly human relation or public relation is impossible without proper communication. In individual life also exact communication helps us a lot.

    PROBABLE QUESTIONS:

1. What is communication?

2.Write about types of communication

3.What is Verbal communication?

4. What is non verbal communication?

CHAPTER:2.: OBJECTIVE OF COMMUNICATION.

Objectives of communication helps us in getting our goals realized. Both in case of individuals and organizational cases it helps us greatly.

Such objectives are the reasons that leads an individual to come closer to one another. It helps to interact with others. Objectives are to take under consideration before a relation. The relation may be conversational or written or any campaign. So creating communication objectives before communication can help the business or personal relation.

 TYPES OF COMMUNICATION OBJECTIVES:

1. Motivation to the audience.

2. Knowledge sharing.

3.Persuation.

4.Entertainmnt to the audience.

5.Demand generating.

6.Campaign for brand.

7.Increase of interest.

 The basic objectives of communication are as follows:

1) Information

2).Suggestion

3) Motivation

4) Warning.

5) Education.

6) Advice

7) Order

8) Persuasion

9) Negotiation.

    Overall, in this chapter it is found that communication is a vital element required for an individual for efficient work and activities. However, the main objective of communication is to transit the message with meaning and understanding.  This may be in the form of  the above mentioned basic objectives. One of the objective of communication is enquiring, supplying and receiving information through spoken or written words, symbols and signals.

    ADVICE is the personal opinion about what to do and when to do. Similarly, SUGGESTIONS are the proposals of the juniors to the higher authority indicating change and reshuffle etc. Again an ORDER  is the direction of the Higher authority to the subordinates. MOTIVATION, an another objective of communication. It is to be used to motivate the employees for better and target oriented performance. PERSUASION is also an influencing tips to enable one to change in attitude, beliefs, feelings and thoughts. WARNING is the act of threatening to a person for his unpleasant, unfavorable and unauthorized  work. NEGOTIATION  is a kind of bonding between two person or organization for a win-win situation. Negotiation also helps in settling of any disputes 

PROBABLE QUESTIONS

  1. What are the basic requirements of communication?

2. What is order,  Persuasion, suggestion and warning?

3. Why is motivation helpful?

4. How does advice help in communication?

5. What is negotiation ?

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MESSAGE WRITING

MESSAGE WRITING

   April 20, 2024       RSC

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A message is a brief piece of writing which is based on information received over phone, verbally, face to face conversation etc. It may be both formal or informal. 

Message writing is brief in size. The word message should be written in Bold. Relevant information should be written clearly in the message..

The following rules should be remembered while writing message. 

1. Make a box - small in size. 

2. Give heading at the top. 

3.write date, time & name of writer - left hand side. 

4. Write message in indirect speech. 

5. Length should not exceed 50/60 words. 

6. At the end signature of the writer- left. 

Exercise solved:

1) Question:   Prepare a message on the basis of the following information/conversation.

A: Hello! can I speak to Mr. Das? 

B: Hi! I am Rahul, elder son of Mr. Das. My father has gone for morning walk. 

A: Okey,  I am Mr. Rajesh, his colleague,.inform him that I have an urgent assignment with him. 

Answer:  

                              ... MESSAGE

10 April

6am

Father, 

          Your colleague Mr. Rajesh rang you up while you went out for morning walk. He wants to talk to you in connection to an urgent assignment. 

Rahul. 

2. Prepare a message on the basis of the following information.

Anil: Hello ! can I talk to Mr. Rakesh ?

Receptionist: Hi ! Rakesh Sir is not in office, how can I help you Sir?

Anil: Please inform Rakesh that he has to attend a meeting at 4pm this evening. It is urgent.

Receptionist: Okey Sir, thank you , I shall inform him.

Answer: 

                                                    MESSAGE

5 August

2pm

Rakesh Sir,

                    Your friend Anil Sir wants you to attend a meeting at 4 pm today. He added that it is a very urgent meeting for you. 

Receptionist.

EXERCISE FOR PRACTICE.

1. Kartik: Hello ! May I speak to Suraj ? This is Raju

Vibek: Hello brother, how are you, Dad is not at home

Kartik: I am fine, thank you, where is your father ?

Vivek: He went to Delhi yesterday , how I can help you.

KartiK: Please inform him that I can not give his file back within a week. 

Vivek : ok thank you, I shall inform him.

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ENGLISH LITERATURE :

ENGLISH LITERATURE :

   April 01, 2024       RSC

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THE PICARESQUE NOVEL:

The word 'novel' refers to a fictitious narrative of book length. The main genre of novels may be-horror, mystery, crime, romance, science fiction, suspend, historical, gothic, fantasy, adult etc. These main genre may have various sub genre. 

 However the picaresque novel is a novel that deals with a rogue life. The word 'picaresque' is taken from PICARO means rogue or rascal. The hero of the novel is man of low quality & character. He moves from this time to that place. He belongs to a low social class. 

In fact, Thomas Nashe is called the father of this genre of novel. The word -picaresque was coined in 1810. Initially this genre of novel began with the publication of Spanish November Lazarillo de Tormes in 1554. 

It is found that the basic themes of this type of novel are- Solitude, hunger, gullibility and so forth. 

In this Type of novel readers usually find seven special qualities. They are-

A)  The first person narrative. 

B) The main character or the protagonist belongs to a low quality social life or background. 

C) The plot of the story is hardly found

D) There is hardly any character development. 

E) Language used is realistic. 

F) There is satirical element. 

G) The protagonist has negative/criminal attitude. 

DEFINITION OF NOVELLA:

    The word 'Novella' means new. As defined in the Merriam-Webster dictionary, novella means 'a work of fiction intermediate in length and complexity between a short story or a novel.' However, it has been understood that a Novella is a narrative prose fiction having shorter length that most of the novels. This word has been derived from Italian word -novella. Its meaning is a short story related to facts or truth.

    This is a special genre of literature which was initially developed in Italy during the Renaissance. 

DREAM ALLEGORY::

Dream allegory which is also called Dream vision is an allegorical tale presented in the narrative framework of a dream. Specially popular in the middle Ages, the device made more acceptable fantastic and bizarre world of personification and symbolic objects characteristic of medieval allegory. Some well known examples of dream allegory include the first part of Roman De La Rose (13th century), Chaucer's book of the Duchess (1369-70), Pearl (late 14th century), Piers Plowman (c.1360- c. 1387), attributed to Williams Langland, William Dunbars.. The Thissil and the Rois and The Goldyn Targe (early 16th century) and Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress (1678). 

COURTLY LOVE:: 

Courtly Love was a medieval European literary conception of love that emphasised nobility and chivalry. 

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