April 2024

ENGLISH COMMUNICATION


CHAPTER :1:        COMMUNICATION & ITS TYPES.

 

The word 'communication means speaking, listening, reading and expressing ability  and thereby understanding verbal and non verbal expressions. Since English is a foreign language for the Indian people, it is taught in India as a second language.

    Hence English communication refers to the process that involves sending and receiving messages in English language through the verbal and non verbal methods.

    It is said that communication is a two way means of communicating information and data in the form of thought and views between two or many individuals with a view to understanding the matter.

    Generally communication may be of the following types:

1. Verbal

2. Non-verbal

3. Written

4. Visual.

1.     VERBAL COMMUNICATION:

        Verbal communication is a type of communication where usually spoken words are used to deliver the message .Here, only words are used to express oneself, his or her feelings, thoughts etc. In this process the words and sounds that come out of our mouths includes tone of voice. sighs or groans etc.

        However, in case of verbal communication the following points are to be considered:

a) Think before one speaks

b)Concise and distinct delivery.

c) Confidence and no arrogance

d)Better tone quality

e) Careful listening

f) Consider and understand the listeners attitude

g) Avoid lengthy speech and confusing terms

h)Be to the point and specific

i) Co-ordination between you and the audience

j)Follow the principle of completeness.


  2. NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION:

        Non verbal communication is all about transmission of message or signals through non verbal platforms. Such platforms may be eye contact, body language social distance, touch physical appearance, code or sign language etc.

    There are four types of non verbal communication. They are-

1. Gestures

2. Facial expressions

3. Loudness or tone of voice.

4.Body language.

5. Personal space.

6.Gaze of eye.

7. Appearance.

8.Showing objects or images.


SUMMMARY OF THE CHAPTER

It has been found that communication is very essential for both a person and an organization. Without proper communication either personal or organizational no effective outcome is found. Particularly human relation or public relation is impossible without proper communication. In individual life also exact communication helps us a lot.

    PROBABLE QUESTIONS:

1. What is communication?

2.Write about types of communication

3.What is Verbal communication?

4. What is non verbal communication?


CHAPTER:2.: OBJECTIVE OF COMMUNICATION.

Objectives of communication helps us in getting our goals realized. Both in case of individuals and organizational cases it helps us greatly.

Such objectives are the reasons that leads an individual to come closer to one another. It helps to interact with others. Objectives are to take under consideration before a relation. The relation may be conversational or written or any campaign. So creating communication objectives before communication can help the business or personal relation.

 TYPES OF COMMUNICATION OBJECTIVES:

1. Motivation to the audience.

2. Knowledge sharing.

3.Persuation.

4.Entertainmnt to the audience.

5.Demand generating.

6.Campaign for brand.

7.Increase of interest.


 The basic objectives of communication are as follows:

1) Information

2).Suggestion

3) Motivation

4) Warning.

5) Education.

6) Advice

7) Order

8) Persuasion

9) Negotiation.


    Overall, in this chapter it is found that communication is a vital element required for an individual for efficient work and activities. However, the main objective of communication is to transit the message with meaning and understanding.  This may be in the form of  the above mentioned basic objectives. One of the objective of communication is enquiring, supplying and receiving information through spoken or written words, symbols and signals.

    ADVICE is the personal opinion about what to do and when to do. Similarly, SUGGESTIONS are the proposals of the juniors to the higher authority indicating change and reshuffle etc. Again an ORDER  is the direction of the Higher authority to the subordinates. MOTIVATION, an another objective of communication. It is to be used to motivate the employees for better and target oriented performance. PERSUASION is also an influencing tips to enable one to change in attitude, beliefs, feelings and thoughts. WARNING is the act of threatening to a person for his unpleasant, unfavorable and unauthorized  work. NEGOTIATION  is a kind of bonding between two person or organization for a win-win situation. Negotiation also helps in settling of any disputes 


PROBABLE QUESTIONS

  1. What are the basic requirements of communication?

2. What is order,  Persuasion, suggestion and warning?

3. Why is motivation helpful?

4. How does advice help in communication?

5. What is negotiation ?


MESSAGE WRITING


A message is a brief piece of writing which is based on information received over phone, verbally, face to face conversation etc. It may be both formal or informal. 

Message writing is brief in size. The word message should be written in Bold. Relevant information should be written clearly in the message..


The following rules should be remembered while writing message. 

1. Make a box - small in size. 
2. Give heading at the top. 
3.write date, time & name of writer - left hand side. 
4. Write message in indirect speech. 
5. Length should not exceed 50/60 words. 
6. At the end signature of the writer- left. 

Exercise solved:

1) Question:   Prepare a message on the basis of the following information/conversation.

A: Hello! can I speak to Mr. Das? 
B: Hi! I am Rahul, elder son of Mr. Das. My father has gone for morning walk. 
A: Okey,  I am Mr. Rajesh, his colleague,.inform him that I have an urgent assignment with him. 


Answer:  
                              ... MESSAGE

10 April
6am
Father, 
          Your colleague Mr. Rajesh rang you up while you went out for morning walk. He wants to talk to you in connection to an urgent assignment. 

Rahul. 






2. Prepare a message on the basis of the following information.

Anil: Hello ! can I talk to Mr. Rakesh ?
Receptionist: Hi ! Rakesh Sir is not in office, how can I help you Sir?
Anil: Please inform Rakesh that he has to attend a meeting at 4pm this evening. It is urgent.
Receptionist: Okey Sir, thank you , I shall inform him.

Answer: 

                                                    MESSAGE
5 August
2pm
Rakesh Sir,
                    Your friend Anil Sir wants you to attend a meeting at 4 pm today. He added that it is a very urgent meeting for you. 

Receptionist.

EXERCISE FOR PRACTICE.


1. Kartik: Hello ! May I speak to Suraj ? This is Raju
Vibek: Hello brother, how are you, Dad is not at home
Kartik: I am fine, thank you, where is your father ?
Vivek: He went to Delhi yesterday , how I can help you.
KartiK: Please inform him that I can not give his file back within a week. 
Vivek : ok thank you, I shall inform him.


ENGLISH LITERATURE :


THE PICARESQUE NOVEL:

The word 'novel' refers to a fictitious narrative of book length. The main genre of novels may be-horror, mystery, crime, romance, science fiction, suspend, historical, gothic, fantasy, adult etc. These main genre may have various sub genre. 

 However the picaresque novel is a novel that deals with a rogue life. The word 'picaresque' is taken from PICARO means rogue or rascal. The hero of the novel is man of low quality & character. He moves from this time to that place. He belongs to a low social class. 

In fact, Thomas Nashe is called the father of this genre of novel. The word -picaresque was coined in 1810. Initially this genre of novel began with the publication of Spanish November Lazarillo de Tormes in 1554. 

It is found that the basic themes of this type of novel are- Solitude, hunger, gullibility and so forth. 

In this Type of novel readers usually find seven special qualities. They are-

A)  The first person narrative. 
B) The main character or the protagonist belongs to a low quality social life or background. 
C) The plot of the story is hardly found
D) There is hardly any character development. 
E) Language used is realistic. 
F) There is satirical element. 
G) The protagonist has negative/criminal attitude. 


DEFINITION OF NOVELLA:

    The word 'Novella' means new. As defined in the Merriam-Webster dictionary, novella means 'a work of fiction intermediate in length and complexity between a short story or a novel.' However, it has been understood that a Novella is a narrative prose fiction having shorter length that most of the novels. This word has been derived from Italian word -novella. Its meaning is a short story related to facts or truth.

    This is a special genre of literature which was initially developed in Italy during the Renaissance. 

DREAM ALLEGORY::
Dream allegory which is also called Dream vision is an allegorical tale presented in the narrative framework of a dream. Specially popular in the middle Ages, the device made more acceptable fantastic and bizarre world of personification and symbolic objects characteristic of medieval allegory. Some well known examples of dream allegory include the first part of Roman De La Rose (13th century), Chaucer's book of the Duchess (1369-70), Pearl (late 14th century), Piers Plowman (c.1360- c. 1387), attributed to Williams Langland, William Dunbars.. The Thissil and the Rois and The Goldyn Targe (early 16th century) and Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress (1678). 

COURTLY LOVE:: 

Courtly Love was a medieval European literary conception of love that emphasised nobility and chivalry.