LANDSCAPE OF THE SOUL || HORNBILL || NCERT CLASS 11.
LANDSCAPE OF THE SOUL NATHALIE TROUVEROY
Q1. (I) Contrast the Chinese view of art with the European view with examples.
Ans:: The essence of Chinese art is spirituality and inner life. As far as this lesson is concened, in China, artists can enter the depth of their work. Art is life for them since it is far from what it's actual view is. Chinese art may be judged and interpreted from different angles. Whereas European art is just a figurative representation of reality. A European artist wants one's eyes to look at a specific landscape from a specific angle.
This contrast may be further clarified with an example. Wu Daozi's painting represents the Chinese viewpoint of art. The emperor could enjoy just the outside view of Daozi's painting, but not the inner or hidden power in it. On the other hand, Quintin's 'fly' is only an illusion of reality.
ii) Explain the concept of Shanshui.
Ans:: 'Shanshui' is a Chinese word which means mountain and water (I, e - mountain is Yang and water is Yin). It is the Daoist view of the universe.
Daozi's concept reveals that mountain bears masculine aspects since it is stable, upward to heaven, dry and warm. Whereas, water is 'Yin', for it is fluid, moist and cool. It has feminine aspects which rests horizontally on the earth. Again between these two there is Void in the middle, where interaction between Yang and Yin takes place.
Q. 2 (i) What do you understand by the term ' 'outsider Art's and 'art bout or ' raw Art's?
Ans:: The new form of art of those artists who have received no formal training is called 'outsider art' and 'art brut or 'row Art. However, French Painter Jean Dubuffet's concept of 'art brut (1940) later on become the fastest growing area of interest worldwide.
It is worth mentioning that unlike other artists, these artists don't have formal training. They have,
rather, incredible talent and deep artistic insight. Most interestingly they neither use brush nor paints.
However, the outsider artists, for their purpose, use anything and everything from a tin to a sink and to a broken car as their materials. 80 years old Nek Chand is an outsider artist of India. The Rock Garden in Chandigarh is one of his amazing creations.
(ii) Who was the 'untutored genius who created a paradise' and what is the nature of his contribution to art.?
Ans:: Here Nek Chand, a 80 year old creature director of India is called the 'untutored genius who created a paradise'. In fact, he created this after clearing a little patch of jungle. The garden was sculpted with stone and recycled materials. It is known as the Rock Garden, at Chandigarh. This is how Nek Chand contributed to art.
TALKING ABOUT THE TEXT.
Discuss the following statements.
1) "The Emperor may rule over the territory he has conquered, but only the artists knows the way within. "
Ans:: Through this statement it has been indicated that an Emperor may occupy a vast area or territory and rule over it, but he can't win or rule over the heart and soul of the people of his country. In a country, people like Philosophers, artists, painters live and everyone has his own vision and special traits. As far as the painting is concerned the Emperor is like an ordinary person. He just understands the outer meaning of it. The Emperor Xuanzong did not guess the real meaning of Wu Daozi's painting.
When the painter said that a spirit dwells at the foot of the mountain (in the painting), the king didn't understand instantly. The 'way within' the cave opened as the painter clapped and the painter entered the cave. Besides, before the emperor could utter a word, even the painting along with the painter vanished.
2. "The landscape is an inner one, a spiritual and conceptual space."
Ans:: The author shows us the difference between Asian and European viewpoint of art.It is observed that Chinese art is based on inner conceptual view and spirituality. For instance, Wu Daozi's painting is not a real one, still one can enter it from any angle. Here, the painter doesn't choose a single viewpoint.Daozi wants one to enter his mind, since the landscape is a spiritual and conceptual space.
This work is a unique creation of the artist which required his physical, mental and spiritual strength. Hence he doesn't want one to borrow his (painter's) eyes. The essence of this art is inner life and spirit.
ADDITIONAL/EXTRA QUESTION ANSWERS.
Q. 1. Who was Wu Daozi?
Ans: Wu Daozi was a Chinese painter of eight century. Once he painted a beautiful landscape commissioned by the Tang Emperor Xuanzong.
Q. 2. Who was Quinten Metsys?
Ans: Quinten Metsys was a master blacksmith of Antwerp (present Belgium). He married a painter's daughter and by dint of his talent, became the most famous painter of his age.
Q. 3.Who was Nek Chand? Why is he famous?
Ans: Nek Chand is a 80 year old creator, director of India. He is called an untutored genius who created a paradise.
Nek Chand is famous for his Rock Garden in Chandigarh. He created or sculpted it with stone and recycled materials and without using any brush or paint.
Q. 4. Discuss Daoist concept of Shanshui.
Ans: Shanshui means 'mountain water', but as far as Daoist view of the Universe is concerned, the mountain is Yang. It reaches vertically towards heaven, stable, warm and dry in the Sun. Where as the water is Yin. It is horizontal and resting on the earth, fluid, moist and cool.
Q. 5.What is 'outsider art'?
Ans: 'outsider art' meaans self taught art or creation. It is not as same as mainstream art. Even the artists don't undergo any special or formal training.
Q. 6. Who is Jean Dubuffet?
Ans: Jean Philipe Arthur Dubuffet is a French painter and Sculptor.
Q. 7. What are the other names of outsider art?
Ans: Art brut or raw art.
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