ENGLISH GRAMMAR || TENSE ||
TENSE - ITS RULES & CATHING CLUES :
## There are tree main tense.
They are:: Present, Past & Future.
## These tense have four parts each.
They are:
Present/past/Future-- Indefinite Tense
Present/Past/Future--- Continuous T.
Present/Past/Future--- Perfect T.
Present/Past/Future--- Perfect Continuous T.
Thus, we find 4+4+4= 12 Tense structures.
The Structures(Present Tense) are as follows:
1) Present Indefinite Tense:
Sub+m.verb+obj
Ex:: I eat rice.
2) Present Continuous Tense:
S+ am/is/are+ m.verb+ing+obj.
Ex: We are doing the work.
3) Present Perfect Tense: S+have/has+ v3+obj
Ex: I have done the work just now.
4) Present Perfect Continuous Tense:
S+ have/has+ been+ v+ing+ obj.
Ex: I have been doing the work since morning.
The Structures (Past Tense) are as follows:
1) Past Indefinite Tense:
S+v2+ obj
Ex: He ate rice.
2) Past Continuous Tense:
S+ was/were+v+ing+obj.
Ex: I was doing my work.
3) Past Perfect Tense:
S+had+v3+obj.
Ex: I had done the work.
4) Past perfect Continuous Tense:
S+had+ been+v+ing+obj.
Ex: I had been doing the work.
The Structures (future tense)are as follows:
1) Future Indefinite thense:
S+shall/will+ v+ obj.
Ex: I shall attend the meeting.
2) Future Continuous Tense:
S+shall/will+ be+m.v+ing+obj
Ex: I shall be doing this work.
3) Future Perfect Tense:
S+shall/will+have+v3+obj
Ex: I shall have done the work.
4)Future Perfect Continuous:Tense:
S+shall/will+have+been+ V+ing+obj
Ex: I shall have been doing the work.
## Let's discuss basic Tense Catching Clues which usually help students to guess the exact location(name) of tense of a sentence. After seeing anyone of these clues(words) students should be able to identify it's tense
TENSE WISE CLUES ARE AS FOLLOWS::
PRESENT UNDEFINITE TENSE:
(usually, daily, regularly, everyday-month-year, often, sometimes etc)
Ex: He usually (go) to school at 8:30am
Ans: He usually goes to school a:30am
The man sometimes (visit) the temple.
Ans: The man sometimes visits the temple.
The train (leave)at 5pm daily.
Ans: The train leaves at 5pm daily.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE:
(now, at this time etc)
Ex: It (rain) now.
Ans: It is raining now.
He(sleep) at this time.
Ans: He is sleeping at this time.
##Sentences with (go) to is used in continuous tense.
Ex: It(go) to rain very soon.
Ans: It is going to rain very soon.
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE:
(just, just now, already, yet etc)
Ex: I(take) a cup of milk just now.
Ans: I have taken a cup of milk just now.
He already (complete)the assignment.
Ans: He has already completed the assignment.
The parcel has (not receive) yet.
Ans: The parcel has not been received yet.
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE:
(Since, for etc)
It (rain) since morning.
Ans: It has been raining since morning.
We (read) here for a long time.
Ans: We have been reading here for a long time.
PAST INDEFINITE TENSE:
(last, yesterday, ago, before, recently etc)
The officer (arrive) yesterday.
Ans: The officer arrived yesterday.
She (see) me before two days.
Ans: She saw me before two days.
They (leave) ten days ago.
Ans: They left ten days ago.
PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE:
(then etc)
He (work) then
Ans: He was working then.
PAST PERFECT TENSE:
(before, after, past to past etc)
He(leave) before the doctor arrived.
Ans: He had left before the doctor arrived.
The patient(die) after the doctor had left.
Ans: The patient died after the doctor had left.
He (be) a student of this college from 2000 to 2005.
Ans: He had been a student of this college from 2000 to 2005.
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
( past to past)
He (stay) here from 1995 to 2001.
Ans: He had been staying here from 1995 to 2001.
FUTURE INDEFINITE TENSE:
(next, tomorrow, until)
They (come) next year.
Ans: They will come next year.
Our President (leave) for Delhi tomorrow.
Ans: Our President will leave for Delhi tomorrow.
FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE.
(future plan etc.)
We (wait) here till Monday morning.
Ans: We shall be waiting here till Monday morning.
FUTURE PERFECT TENSE.
We (go) before he comes.
Ans: we shall have gone before he comes.
FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE:
We (Wait) for them
Ans: We shall have been waiting for them.
CONDITIONAL TENSE RULES
There are three conditionals :
a) Open Conditionals
b) Rejected Conditionals
c) Imaginary Conditionals
OPEN CONDITIONALS : These are conditionals where sentences indicate that the CONDITION/ CONDITIONS known to all.
Example: If it (rain) I shall not go to school
Answer: If it rains I shall not go to school.
REJECTED CONDITIONALS : These are those conditionals which indicate that an event or a chance which may no longer be availed. There is no chance any more.
Example: If you (be) there, you would meet the celebrity.
Answer: If you were there you would meet the celebrity.
IMAGINARY CONDITIONALS : This type of conditional sentences indicate a condition which is not normally possible.
Example : If I (be) a ghost I would have punished you in the darkness of night.
Answer: If I were a ghost I would have punished you in the darkness of night.
## Thus, it is found that conditional sentences are an integral part of Tense family.
THERE ARE SOME VERBS WHICH ARE NOT USED IN PRESENT, PAST AND FUTURE
CONTINUOUS TENSE AND PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE.
STUDENTS WOULD BE SHOCKED TO KNOW THAT THE FOLLOWING VERBS ARE
NOT USED IN ANY CONTINUOUS AND PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE.
THE VERBS ARE AS FOLLOWS ::
## See, hate , hear, feel ,notice, smell, like , believe, expect, know, contain, care, forgive, think, wish etc.
##Examples::
I am seeing a tiger --- Wrong Sentence
# I see a tiger ---- Correct sentence.
He is feeling unwell.---- wrong
# He feels unwell.-----correct
She is hearing a sound----- wrong
# She hears a sound.----correct.
We are knowing you for a long time.----wrong
# We have known you for a long time.----correct
The building consisting of five rooms.----wrong
# The building consists of five rooms.---- correct.
I am wishing you a happy birthday.-----wrong
# I wish you a happy birthday.-------correct.
## STUDENTS SHOULD ALWAYS REMEMBER THAT ___
HABITUAL ACTION, UNIVERSAL TRUTH TAKES SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE.
### REGULAR PRACTICE MAY LEAD TO SUCCESS.
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