| VOCABULARY OR PAIR WORD OR SIMILAR WORDS DISTINCTION | ENGLISH GRAMMAR.

| VOCABULARY OR PAIR WORD OR SIMILAR WORDS DISTINCTION | ENGLISH GRAMMAR.

   October 14, 2023       RSC

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VOCABULARY  or Similar word distinction or Pair words means two words which look alike but they have different meaning. 

  

  So far this grammar topic is concerned, there is a long list of such words bearing separate meaning. 

Readers very often get confused seeing such pair words and unless dictionary is seen, meanings are not clear. 

   

 Let us have a look at such important words as per Alphabetical order which are very important for 

school and college students.

        A

Access: (entry)- He has an easy access to the minister.

Excess:( More than required)- I have not any excess money.

Adopt:(Take legally)- We have finally adopted a child.

Adapt:( get adjusted)- My son has adapted with the present situation.

Affect:( have an effect )-The flood affected people are helpless.

Effect:(Have an after effect)- I consulted the side effect of this medicine.

Advice:(noun- giving advice)- I met my grandmother seeking advice.

Advise:(verb- to give advice)- They advised me to read hard.

Amiable (gentle) - He is an amiable person

Amicable: ( peaceful) - They came to an amicable solution to the problem.

Alter (change) - I cannot alter the plan.

Altar (offering place) - He offered flower at the alter.

B

Buy (to purchase) - He bought a car yesterday.

Bye (farewell) - He bade me bye.

Bid (to give) - I bade him farewell.

Beat ( Punish) - The teacher beats him daily.

Berth ( seat) - He got his berth reserved in the train.

Birth ( born)- I visited my birth place.

C

Childish ( older behaving like child) - Nobody likes your childish manner.

Childlike(very gentle) - I am impressed by his childlike manner.

D

Due ( fixed )- WE have to follow due process.

Dew ( water drops) - I like dew drops.

Dare ( brave)- He dares facing a tiger.

Dear( close) - He is my dear friend.

Dire ( serious) - You have to face dire consequences. 

E

Eligible (fit)- you are eligible for the post.

Illegible (not clear) - His handwriting is not illegible.

Elicit - (to  get) -His good manners elicit praise from everyone.

Illicit ( illegal)- He sells illicit lacquer.

 Economic (financial)- His economic condition is not good.

Economical (careful in expenses) - Being himself economical, he saves some money.

Eminent (famous) - He is an eminent educationist.

Imminent (likely to happen) - He guessed about this imminent disaster.

F

Fair (beautiful) - She is a fair girl.

Fare (fare of bus/rickshaw) - Bus fare has increased.

Fear ( terror) - I fear lions.

 

Fit (eligible) - He is fit for the job.

Feet (lowermost part) - There is a lake at the feet of the hill.

Feat (skillfulness0 -The magician shows his feat.

Farther (Far) -I can not go farther than you.

Further (more) - He has made further progress.

G

Goal (Aim) : My goal is different.

Gaol (Jail) : He was put in gaol.

H

Hard (tough) :Iron is hard.

Herd (group) : I saw a herd of sheep.

Hardly (somehow): He hardly passed the  examination.

Honorary (temporary) : He is an honorary Secretary.\

 

Honourable (respected) : Mr. Das is an      honorable person. 

Human( person) : They are good human beings. 

Himane(kind) : Ashoka was a humane ruler.

I

Idle(workless) : An idle brain is valueless.

Ideal(having principles) :: He is an ideal man. 

Industrial(industry) : Durgapur is an industrial town.

 

Industrious(hard working) : Anuj is very industrious . 

J

Jealous: He is jealous of my success. 

Zealous (enthusiastic) : She is a zealous learner. 

L

Late( being late) : you are late today.

.Lately(recently) : The CM came here lately. 

Lose (to lose) : I lost Pan card. 

Loose : This shirt is very loose. 

M

Memorial( a place) : I visited Victoria Memorial.

Memorable: 15th August is a memorable day. 

Moral: His moral character is good. 

Morale : He has high moral in life. 

O

Old : This is an old furniture. 

Ancient (old): This ancient name is forgotten. 

P

Physics (science) : He knows physics. 

Phusique(health ) : He has a strong physique. 

Popular (famous) : He is very popular. 

Populous (full of people) : This city is populous. 

Pray: I offer prayers. 

Prey: Eagle is a bird of prey. 

Principal(main) : He is the Principal of this school. 

Principle: Mr. Sarma is a man of principles. 

Q

Quiet (silent) : Let me go to a quiet place.

 

Quite(complete) : I am quite well. 

R

Right: This is right. 

Rite: we follow funeral rites. 

Route : This is the only route to Goa.

Root (main): This is the root cause of poverty.

S

Short : This pencil is short.

Shortly( indicates future): They will arrive shortly.

Seize Police seized the thief.

Cease (stop): At last rain has ceased.

Sit: Please sit beside me.

Seat : I have occupied a few seats.

Sole (main) : This is my sole purpose.

Soul : Every living thing has a soul.

Stationary (fixed): The Sun is stationary.

Stationery : He has a stationery shop.

Storey: This is a five storey building.

Story (tale): He told me a story.

V

Vain (usekess): All his efforts are in vain.

Vein (Nerve): Blood circulates through veins.

W

Wander: This is a wandering star.

Wonder (surprise): I wondered at the flower. 

Weak; The patient is very weak.

Week: This is a weekly newspaper.

Wright (maker): I am a playwright.

Rite (customs): We perform death rites.

EXERCISE FOR PRACTICE :::

1)I have an _____to the ministers colony (access/excess).

2)The couple_____ a baby(adopt/adapt)

3) My warning has no _____on him (affect/effect).

4) We wan our parents_____(advice/advise).

5) Nobody can _____the plan (alter/altar).

6) Both the parties came to an ______solution (amiable/amicable).

7) Please ____with us (bear/bare).

8) This is a water _____disease(borne/born)

9) Please sit ____ me (beside/besides).

10) He got his ______reserved in the train .(berth/birth)

11) This bag is made of _____clothe(canvas/canvass).

12) Which ____do you belong to ? (caste/cast)

13) I _____all the copies(check/cheque)

14) No one likes your ______manner (childish/ childlike)

15)  This _____ is reserved for stadium.(site/cite)

16) _______punishment is prohibited these days (corporal/corporeal)

17) He put on _____ cloth(coarse/course)

18) Sarma is a member of  the ______(council/counsel).

19) The Hindus follow different_____(custom/costume).

20) The ______ left no Will while dying. (decease/disease).

21) Do you use hair______(dye/die)

22) Who ______America ? (discover/ invent)

23) Your handwriting is not ______(eligible/illegible)

24) Do you know any ______speaker (imminent/eminent).

25) Pay your bus ____(fair/fare).

26) I am _____in my decision (firm/farm).

27) Are you interested in _____ studies? (farther/further)

28) The dull student ______passed (hard/hardly).

29) Dr. Barua is an _______Secretary of the organization (honorary/ honorable).

30)  Bishakhapatnam is an ______ area. (industrial/industrious)

31) Raju is a _____ reader (jealous/ zealous)

32) He is a man of high______(moral/morale)

33) India is a ______country(popular/populous)

34) Eagle is a bird of _____ (pray/prey).

35) _____ the book on the table (put/keep).

ANSWERS:

1)  access                   2)   adopt                     3) effect                

        4)   advice          5)  alter                          6)  amicable   

     

         7)   bear                         8)     borne                  9)  beside  

        10)     berth                    11)    canvas                    12)    caste   

           13)    check                    14) childish                  15) site

                16) corporal                17) coarse                 18)  council        

                    19)  custom      20) decease..               21)  dye  

     

                         22)  discover        23)  illegible     24) eminent        

                   25) fare                26)  firm                27) farther  

          

                   28) hardly               29)  honorary                 30)  industrial   

 

                    

                 31)  zealous            32) morale               33)   populous 

      

                      34)  prey               35)  keep.

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AUXILIARY VERBS

AUXILIARY VERBS

   October 13, 2023       RSC

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There are 24 auxiliary verbs.. These verbs are also called Defective vebrs. The other name of these verbs are ANOMALOUS FINITES. 

They are as follows.:: 

Am, is are, was, were, have, has, had, do, did,

 does, shall, will, should, would, can, could, may,

might, must, need, dare, used to, ought to. 

These auxiliary verbs are divided into two 

viz- Primary Auxiliary & Modal auxiliary. 

Primary auxiliary are 13 in number whereas

 Modal auxiliary are 24 in number.

.....These auxiliary verbs are highly essential for

 

school level  students. They must learn these

 verbs and how to use them. 

..... HOW TO USE AUXILIARY VERBS::

A)  PRIMARY AUXILIARY: Primary auxiliary verbs are easy to use .we use them in day to day life.

B) MODAL AUXILIARY:-

USAGE OF MODAL AUXILIARY ARE AS FOLLOWS --

1) SHALL: used to indicate --future, threat, command, promise, determination etc. 

  EXAMPLE: I shall go there. 

               

                       You shall be punished. 

               

                         We shall be there. 

2) SHOULD::used to show.. Probability, obligation, duty, politeness etc. 

 

  EXAMPLE:: The patient should get well soon. 

               

                          You should not have gone there. 

           

                          We should love our children. 

       

         

3) WILL::  future, willingness, promise, threat. determination etc

   EXAMPLE:: They will come tomorrow

        

                         I will visit the spot. 

        

                         We will take all possible steps. 

    

                          He will take revenge. 

   

                            I will secure 100% marks. 

4) WOULD::  willingness, politeness, conditions. 

    

EXAMPLE:: He would go to Kolkata. 

       

                     Would you please help me

     

                      Had he been well, he would have come. 

5) CAN::::  ability, permission, politeness. 

      EXAMPLE:: Raju could not succeed. 

                  

                           You can go there. 

            

                           Could you please help me.? 

6) COULD:: ability, politeness. 

    

 EXAMPLE:: I could not meet him

         

                       Could you please help me.? 

7) MAY::: willingness, purpose, possibility. 

    

 EXAMPLE::  I may go there. 

            

                     we eat that we may live. 

          

                          It may rain today. 

        

8) MIGHT:: request, future, unfulfilled conditions. 

EXAMPLE:: Might I go now.? 

           

                     The patient might recover. 

        

                      He might have won, if he played seriously. 

9) MUST::  compulsion, obligation, certainty, determination. 

EXAMPLE:: He must go now. 

            

                    You must speak the truth. 

       

                      They must come here. 

      

                     I must try to succeed. 

10) OUGHT:: duty, obligation. 

 

 EXAMPLE:: we ought to love our country. 

             

                      You ought to go there. 

11) NEED::  As regular verb, as auxiliary.  

  

  EXAMPLE::  I need your help. 

        

                        You need not go there. 

12) DARE. ::  I dare work hard. 

                  

                        You dare not do it. 

13) OUGHT TO::  past habit.. 

  

  EXAMPLE:: We used to go for morning walk. 

( Regular practice both in spoken English & writing English may help in understanding these Auxiliary verbs better) 

  

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A Thing of Beauty Class 12 MCQ, Question Answers & RTC | Flamingo

A Thing of Beauty Class 12 MCQ, Question Answers & RTC | Flamingo

   August 11, 2022       RSC

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A THING OF BEAUTY - 

                                                                                    --JOHN KEATS

ABOUT THE POET  ----- JOHN KEATS : 

    John Keats was an English  Romantic Poet. He was born in 31 October 1795 in London, UK. Keats was called an English of the second generation. The exact location where he was born is called Moorgate.  His parents were Thomas and Frances Keats. Keats was the eldest of the four sons of his parents. At the age of eight Keats lost his father. Again at the age of fourteen he lost his mother. Initially he was trained as a surgeon, but he devoted his life to poetry.  This poem is an excerpt from his poem 'Endymion' and is based on a Greek Legend.

    Keats is known a reputed poet since he composed some great poems like - On First looking into Chapman's Homer, Ode to the Grecian Urn, Ode to the Nightingale, Ode to Melancholy, The Eve of St. Agnes, La Belle Dame Sans Merci. In this poem the poet raises question whether beautiful things are worthless or not.

ABOUT THE POEM :

    

    'A Thing of Beauty' is known as an extraction from his poem "Endymion'. Here, the poet highlights that a thing of beauty is a perennial source of joy. Every person in this earth feels happiness when sees beautiful scenery, landscape and such other things. When one feels disappointed, beautiful sight may be a source of joy for him. He or she may feel relaxed. The poet says that beautiful objects of nature never makes anyone unhappy. Apart from such things, the necessity of The Sun, Moon, trees, streams, flowers etc are perennial source of happiness.  

A THING OF BEAUTY -Text

A thing of beauty is a joy forever

Its loveliness increases, it will never

Pass into nothingness, but will keep

A bower quiet for us, and a sleep

Full of sweet dreams, and health, and quiet breathing

Therefore, on every morrow, are we wreathing,

A flowery band to bind us to the earth.

Spite of despondence, of the inhuman dearth

Of noble nature, of the gloomy days,

Of all the unhealthy and o'er darkened ways

Made for our searching: yes, in spite of all,

Some shape of beauty moves away the pall.

From our dark spirits, Such the Sun, the Moon,

Trees old, and young, sprouting a shady boon

For simple sheep and such are daffodils

with he green world they live in and clear rills

That for themselves a cooling covert make

'Gainst the got season: the mid forest brake

Rich with sprinkling of fair musk-rose blooms;

And such too is the grandeur of the dooms

We have imagined for the mighty dead;

All lovely tales that we have heard or read;

An endless fountain of immortal drink,

Pouring unto us from the heaven's brink.

DIFFICULT WORDS AND MEANINGS:

Bower: a pleasant place under the shade of tree.

Morrow : morning

Wreathing : weaving into a wreath.

Spite : Malice

Despondence : disappointment.

Dearth : lack or scant of.

Pall : covering

covert :shelter of bushes.

Rills : stream.

Boon : blessing

Brake : thicket 

Grandeur: magnificence

Brink : corner.

TEXTUAL QUESTION ANSWER :

THINK IT OUT

 

 1. List the things of beauty mentioned in the poem.

Answer:

    In the poem the poet has mentioned various things of beauty. They are constant source of joy and inspiration. Among them the Sun, the Moon, trees and plants are important. Besides these, daffodil flowers, clear rills, the brakes with blooming rose are also remarkable.

2. List the things that cause suffering and pain.

Answer:

    The things which cause human suffering and pain are day to day disappointments, lack of noble qualities among beings, unhealthy and evil ways of living, sad spirits due to various factors and above all, lack of humanity.

3.What does the line 'Therefore are we wreathing a flowery band to bind us to earth suggest to you ?

Answer:

    The things of beauty makes our lives happier. Hence we feel attracted to such things of joy and constant inspiration. 

    As far as the above line is concerned it suggests that man has an emotional attachment with beauty. The things of beauty, indeed bind us with the nature and the earth as well. Gradually we develop  noble and close relation with the nature.it seems that we make flowery band to keep us bound with the earth..

4. What makes human beings love life in spite of troubles and sufferings ?

Answer:

    Yes, in spite of common troubles and sufferings human beings love life; for life is a unique gift to us. The healing touch of nature gives us remedy to all our troubles and anxieties. Moreover, nature's beautiful things remove the pall of sadness from our dark spirits and enlighten us to the core.

5. Why is grandeur associated with the 'mighty dead' ?

Answer:

    The mighty dead, as mentioned by the poet, performed heroic deeds and died bravely. They were none other than great leaders, soldiers, great kings of the past.

    However the word 'grandeur' is associated with them as they performed extraordinary deeds. Their works captivates our eyes even after a long time.

6. Do we experience things of beauty only for short moments or do they make a lasting impression on us ?

Answer:

    The things of beauty, undoubtedly, makes a lasting impact on us. They are, indeed, a source of inspiration for while we are in gloomy mood. Besides their loveliness always increases. Also their significance passes into nothingness. That is to say, they are the perennial source of joy and inspiration throughout our lives.

7. What i

mage does the poet use to describe the beautiful bounty of the earth?

Answer:

    The poet has used the image of endless fountain of immortal drink to describe the beautiful bounty of the earth. It is, however, like an overflowing fountain. It constantly flows from the edge of the heaven to our heart directly. Thus, we are blessed by the nature to a great extent.

EXTRA QUESTION  - ANSWERS:

1. What is bower ?

Answer

    A bower is  beautiful place under the shade of a tree.

2. Why is a thing of beauty a joy forever ?

Answer:

    As the beauty of such thing increases and never passes into nothingness, so a thing of beauty is a joy forever. 

3. What removes the pall from our dark spirits ?

Answer:

    The things of beauty which are found amidst nature, removes the pall from our dark spirits.

4. What weaves the flowery band ?

Answer:

    The fascinating things of nature like the Sun, the Moon, hills and streams, plants and flowers etc weave the flowery band on earth.

5. How has the poet presented 'Daffodils' in the poem ?

Answer:

    In the poem it is said that daffodils bloom among the green surrounding. They are found by the side of river, stream etc where they make a cooling shelter against the hot season.

6. What is meant by the 'mighty dead'?

Answer:

    The mighty dead means the people of power, name and fame, who once lived wealthy and sophisticated life in this earth.

7. What does the expression ‘pass into nothingness’ mean?

Answer: It means that the value and joy derived from a beautiful thing never fade away or disappear. Instead, its loveliness continuously increases with time, leaving a permanent, positive impression on our minds.

8. What is the ‘immortal drink’ and where does it come from? 

Answer: The ‘immortal drink’ refers to the endless bounty of beautiful things provided to us by nature. The poet envisions this beauty as a divine elixir continuously poured down to humanity from the edge of heaven.

9. How does human life get affected by 'the inhuman dearth of noble natures'? 

Answer: The lack of noble and selfless qualities in people makes our world gloomy and full of disappointment. It leads to unhealthy, dark ways of living and causes deep mental suffering and pain to human beings.

10. What kind of a sleep does a thing of beauty provide for us?

Answer: A thing of beauty provides us with a peaceful and serene sleep that is full of sweet dreams, sound health, and quiet, relaxed breathing. It acts as a soothing balm for our restless minds.

11. Who are the 'mighty dead' and why do we feel grandeur for them?

Answer: The 'mighty dead' are our great ancestors, warriors, and heroes who performed noble deeds. We associate 'grandeur' with them because their inspiring stories and magnificent sacrifices continue to motivate us.

12. Explain: ‘Some shape of beauty moves away the pall / From our dark spirits.’ 

Answer: This line means that whenever we are overwhelmed by sadness and disappointment, an encounter with nature's beauty acts as a healing force. It lifts the heavy shroud of gloom (the pall) from our troubled minds.

RTC- 1

"A thing of beauty is a joy forever Its loveliness increases, it will never Pass into nothingness;..."

Q1. Why is a thing of beauty is a joy forever?

Answer:  A thing of beauty is a joy forever because its charm and loveliness never diminish. Instead, it leaves a permanent, positive imprint on our minds and continues to give us happiness every time we remember it.

Q2. What does the phrase 'pass into nothingness' mean?

Answer: It means to fade away or be completely forgotten. The poet uses it to emphasize that the joy derived from beautiful things never expires or becomes worthless with time.

RTC- 2

"Therefore, on every morrow, are we wreathing A flowery band to bind us to the earth, Spite of despondence, of the inhuman dearth Of noble natures..."

Q1. Why do we need a 'flowery band' to bind us to the earth?

Answer: We need it because human life is full of struggles, disappointments, and sadness. This beautiful "flowery band" represents our daily connection to nature's beauty, which gives us a reason to keep living.

Q2. What does the poet mean by 'the inhuman dearth of noble natures'?

Answer: It refers to the cruel lack of good, selfless, and kind-hearted people in the world, which makes society full of malice, gloom, and negativity.

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THE VOICE OF THE RAIN II NCERT CLASS 11 II

THE VOICE OF THE RAIN II NCERT CLASS 11 II

   August 07, 2022       RSC

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  THE VOICE OF THE RAIN

                                                      

ABOUT THE POET :  WALT WHITMAN:

    Walt Whitman was an American poet. He was born on 31 May, 1819. He was an essayist, poet, journalist. Whitman was known to be a humanist as well. As a poet he was very influential. He is known as the father of  free verse. This great poet is best known for his  'Leaves of Grass.' This famous work was published in 1855. One of his famous poems is 'Song of Myself. 'In his leaves of grass, Whitman celebrated democracy, nature, love and friendship.

        This famous poet died on 26 march,1892.

ABOUT  THE POEM : THE VOICE OF THE RAIN, A CRITICAL NOTE

   Rainfall is a natural phenomenon. Everywhere in this world  rainfall occurs due to seasonal changes. one day the poet asks rain what its identity is. It is strange that the speaker gets his reply also. It replies that it is the poem of the earth. Also it rises up  from every nook and corner of the earth towards the infinity and takes a vogue shape, which we call cloud. Then in due course it falls down and in its way it cleans all forms of dust and dirt as if nature takes bath. Thus, rain cleans the nature and comes down to its birthplace. Obviously, it gives life to nature and also rejuvenate it. Overall it purifies  our surrounding.

THE VOICE OF THE RAIN :: (TEXT)

        And who art thou ? said I to the soft falling shower,

        Which, strange to tell, gave me an answer, as here translated:

        I am the Poem of Earth, said the voice of the rain,

        Eternal I rise impalpable out of the land and of the bottomless

        sea,

        Upward to heaven, whence, vaguely form'd, altogether changed,

        and yet the same,

        I descend to lave the drought, atomies, dust-layers of the 

        globe,

        And all that in them without me were seeds only, latent,

        unborn;

        And forever, by day and night, I give back to my own

        origin,

        And make pure and beautify it;

        (for song, issuing from its birth-place, after fulfilment,

        wandering

        Reck'd or unreck'd, duly with love returns.)

Word Notes::

impalpable : that cannot be touched

lave : bathe

atomies : tiny particles.

latent : hidden.

TEXTUAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS:

THINK IT OUT::

1. There are two voices in the poem . Who do they belong to ? Which lines indicate this ?

Answer:

    Between the two voices, one belongs to the poet and the other to the rain. 

    The first voice is that of the poet and he asks "who art thou?"

    The second voice is of the rain. It says, "I am the poem of earth."

2. What does the phrase "strange to tell mean ?

Answer:

    As the poet curiously asks the shower about its identity, it replied promptly to the poet's question. The reply was a wonder for him since he was shocked to hear the answer of the soft falling shower. So, he regards it strange to tell.

3.There is a parallel drawn between rain and music. Which words indicate this ? Explain the similarity between the two.

Answer:

     In the third line of the poem, the rain says : " I am the poem of Earth." This implies that rain is the music of the earth. 

     In the last two lines of the poem :

     "For song, issuing from it's birthplace, after fulfilment, wandering , reck'd or unreck'd, dully with love returns."--- this also says about song and music.     

        Thus, in both the cases of song and rain, they go back to their origin, after fulfilment of purposes. They have different tasks. For instance, rain makes the earth clean and purifies it, whereas, song or music entertains as well as makes us happy. Thus we find similarity between the two.

4. How is the cyclic movement of rain brought out in the poem? Compare it with what you have learnt in science.

Answer: 

    The poet has successfully brought out the cyclic movement of rain in the poem. With the increasing intensity of sunlight, water vapor from various water bodies on earth, rises up gradually and take the shape of cloud in the sky .Then after a period of time, it pours in the form of rainwater on the earth. While falling on earth it cleans and purifies the nature removing dust and dirt. This is of course scientifically proved. 

    Again, the cyclic movement of the rain which we read in science is also same. Even if we compare both the phenomenon, we do not find any basic difference.

5. Why are the last two lines put within brackets ?

Answer:

    The last two lines of the poem do not form part of the voice of the rain or that of the poet. They are, indeed, comments on the poem or on the nature of the music. So they are put within brackets. 

6. List the pairs of opposites found in the poem.

Answer:

    Day -- night

    Land -- sea

    Same --changed

    

ADDITIONAL QUESTION ANSWERS:

1. Where does the rain take form ?

Answer:

    The rain takes it's form in the upper layer of the sky.

2. How does the rain take it's form?

Answer:

    When the Sun continuously puts heat on water, water vapor rises above and form the cloud. It becomes heavy and finally it falls down in the form of rain.

3. what does the rain do in the earth ?

Answer:

    The rain drops falling down to the earth, removes the dirt and dust layers from the surface of the earth. It also gives life to the latent seeds and also gives life to almost every tree and plant.

4. what is strange to the poet?

Answer:

    The soft falling shower's reply to the poet that it is the poem of the earth - is strange to him.

5. What does the poet say about 'song' in the end of the poem ?

Answer:

    The poet says that a song, after issuing from it's birthplace, reck'd or unreck'd, goes back to it's origin.

IMPORTANT WORD MEANING :

Thou -- you

Eternal --heavenly

Vaguely -- not clear or distinct.

descend -- to come down

drought -- dry 

atomies -- particle of dust.

latent -- hidden.

     

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BEGINNERS' TENSE

BEGINNERS' TENSE

   July 24, 2022       RSC

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BEGINNERS' TENSE 

## TENSE IDENTIFICATION TASK:

Tense may be called the basic part of various grammar topics. Before going to solve Voice or Narration

 It is very important to identify the tense of the sentences. Without having proper knowledge of the

 three Tense, their four parts each and altogether 12 tense structure, it is quite impossible to attempt 

VOICE CHANGE OR NARRATION. Besides, such students can not either compose their own English

 or comprehend any paragraph written in English. Hence it is suggested that they should follow

 ENGLISH GRAMMAR TOPIC :TENSE in this blog and then follow the following exercise. 

Question:: Identify  tense of the following Sentence (name out of twelve types )

1. He is a student.

2. I have cut my finger.

3. Honesty is the best policy.

4. We have a car.

5.They do not do their works.

6. I loved my country.

7. Do you do your works ?

8.Raja is a good student.

9. They have their dinner.

10. Knowledge is power.

11. Is he a good boy?

12. I have my hair cut every month.

13. I have a task to complete.

14. It's 9 pm now.

15. He is our President.

16. I lost my car.

17. Please sing a song.

18. They will have done their work.

19. I may call you back.

20. can I do it ?

21.It rained yesterday.

22. It may rain tonight.

23. He cut an apple yesterday.

24.She cuts her shoe lace.

25. I cut my nail every week.

26. John has been a teacher.

27. We have been in London for many years.

28.I had been a student of this school.

29. He looks very smart.

30. Do I look depressed today ?

 ANSWERS:

1. PRESENT INDEFINITE TENSE.

2.PRESENT PERFECT TENSE.

3. PRESENT INDEFINITE.

4.PRESENT INDEFINITE.

5. PRESENT INDEFINITE.

6.PAST INDEFINITE.

7. PRESENT INDEFINITE.

8.PRESENT INDEFINITE.

9. PRESENT INDEFINITE.

10. PRESENT INDEFINITE.

11.PRESENT INDEFINITE.

12.PRESENT INDEFINITE.

13. PRESENT INDEFINITE.

14. PRESENT INDEFINITE.

15. PRESENT INDEFINITE.

16.PAST INDEFINITE.

17. PRESENT  INDEFINITE.

18, FUTURE PERFECT.

19. PRESENT INDEFINITE.

20.PRESENT INDEFINITE.

21. PAST INDEFINITE.

22. PAST INDEFINITE.

23.PAST INDEFINITE.

24. PRESENT INDIFINITE.

25. PRESENT INDEFINITE.

26. PRESENT PERFECT.

27. PRESENT PERFECT.

28. PAST PERFECT.

29. PRESENT INDEFINITE.

30. PRESENT INDEFINITE.

NAME TENSE OF THE FOLLOWING STRUCTURES.

1. SUB+VERB2+ OBJECT.

ANSWER: PAST INDEFINITE. 

2.SUB+ SHALL/WILL+V1+OBJ

ANSWER: FUTURE INDEFINITE.

3.SUB+HAVE/HAS+V3+OBJ.

ANSWER: PRESENT PERFECT.

4. SUB+HAD+V3+OBJ.

ANSWER: PAST PERFECT.

5. SUB+HAVE/HAS+BEEN+V1+ING+OBJ.

ANSWER: PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS.

6. SUB+SHALL/WILL+HAVE+BEEN+V1+ING +OBJ

ANSWER: FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS.

5. SUB+AM/IS/ARE+V+ING+OBJ.

ANSWER: PRESENT CONTINUOUS.

6. SUB+WAS/WERE+V1+OBJ.

ANSWER: PAST CONTINUOUS.

FIND OUT TENSE RELATED MISTAKES IN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE:

1. I LIKES TOY. 

ANSWER: I LIKE TOY.

2.SHE DO NOT DO HER WORKS.

ANSWER: SHE DOES NOT DO HER WORKS.

3. I DID MY HOME WORK JUST NOW.

ANSWER: I HAVE DONE MY HOME WORK JUST NOW.

4.HE IS KNOWING ME.

ANSWER: HE KNOWS ME.

5. I AM WISHING YOU A HAPPY BIRTHDAY.

ANSWER: I WISH YOU A HAPPY BIRTHDAY.

6. HE IS FEELING VERY COLD

ANSWER: HE FEELS VERY COLD.

7. HE HAS BEEN KNOWING ME SINCE 2015.

ANSWER: HE HAS KNOWN ME SINCE 2015.

8. IT IS RAINING FROM YESTERDAY.

ANSWER: IT HAS BEEN RAINING SINCE YESTERDAY.

9. I AM DOING MY BATH.

ANSWER: I AM TAKING BATH.

10. HE WILL HAS DONE THE WORK.

ANSWER: HE WILL HAVE DONE THE WORK.

11. I SHALL HAVE EATING RICE.

ANSWER: I SHALL HAVE EATEN RICE.

12. HE COULD HAS DONE THE WORK.

ANSWER: HE COULD HAVE DONE THE WORK.

13. JUSTIN HAVE DONE IT.

ANSWER: JUSTIN HAS DONE IT.

14. HE CAME SHORTLY.

ANSWER: HE WILL COME SHORTLY.

15. THE RESULT WILL BE DECLARED RECENTLY.

ANSWER: THE RESULT WILL BE DECLARED SHORTLY.

16. HE DOES NOT DOES HIS WORKS ON TIME.

ANSWER: HE DOES NOT DO HIS WORKS ON TIME.

17.  HE WILL COME BY THE NEXT SUNDAY.

ANSWER: HE WILL HAVE COME BY THE NEXT SUNDAY.

18. IF HE DO IT HE WOULD HAVE SUCCEEDED.

ANSWER: IF HE HAD DONE IT HE WOULD HAVE SUCCEEDED.

19. IF IT RAIN I SHALL NOT GO THERE.

ANSWER: IF IT RAINS I SHALL NOT GO THERE.

20. IF I WAS A GHOST I WOULD PUNISH THEM.

ANSWER: IF I WERE A GHOST I WOULD PUNISH THEM.

### RELATION BETWEEN TENSE AND VOICE.

Although Voice is a separate topic, it has close link with Tense. 

1st - Voice change is done tense wise. For instance Present Tense Voice (Indefinite, continuous, perfect)

    In perfect continuous tense, there is no change of voice.

2nd -  Similarly, in Past Tense Voice is changed in Past Indefinite, Past continuous and Past Perfect.;

     but not in Past Perfect Continuous.

3rd - Again in Future Tense, Voice is changes in Future Indefinite and Future Perfect. There is no

     change of Voice in Future Continuous and Future Perfect Continuous Tense.

    ##Apart from these, Voice change is  done with Auxiliary Verbs, Wh-question words, agentless sentences etc.

    ## We have added a post on VOICE CHANGE separately.. so learners can refer to that for better understanding of the topic.

##  RELATION BETWEET TENSE AND NARRATION OR SPEECH.

This is also a Topic of discussion. Students on Non-Native countries, very often fail to understand that

 reported speech (E.g -"I am very ill") is attached to Tense. To change Speech, it is very important to

 guess the tense of  reported speech. Then only one can change Direct Speech into Indirect.

 Ex: He Said, " I am very ill."

here, reporting speech is in past Tense, but the reported speech is in Present Simple. (it is of prime

 importance that the student understood it, otherwise- it is quite impossible to change the speech.

 

Answer:  He said that he was very ill.

THUS, IT IS CLEARLY UNDERSTOOD THAT  WITHOUT PROPER KNOWLEDGE OF TENSE, 

STUDENTS MAY NOT SUCCESSFULLY SOLVE TENSE, VOICE AND NARRATION RELATED QUESTION.

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