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ENGLISH GRAMMAR || TENSE ||

   January 08, 2022      

TENSE - ITS RULES & CATHING CLUES :





## Tense means time of an action; hence tense means time. 

## There are tree main tense. 

They are:: Present, Past & Future. 

## These tense have four parts each. 

They are:

Present/past/Future-- Indefinite Tense

Present/Past/Future--- Continuous T. 

Present/Past/Future--- Perfect T. 

Present/Past/Future--- Perfect Continuous T. 

Thus, we find 4+4+4= 12 Tense structures. 



The Structures(Present Tense) are as follows: 

1) Present Indefinite Tense: 

Sub+m.verb+obj
 
 Ex:: I eat rice. 

2) Present Continuous Tense: 

S+ am/is/are+ m.verb+ing+obj.
  
Ex: We are doing the work. 

3) Present Perfect Tense: S+have/has+ v3+obj
  
 Ex: I have done the work just now. 

4) Present Perfect Continuous Tense:
 
S+ have/has+ been+ v+ing+ obj. 
   
Ex: I have been doing the work since morning. 

The Structures (Past Tense) are as follows:

1) Past Indefinite Tense: 

S+v2+ obj
 
  Ex: He ate rice. 

2) Past Continuous Tense: 

S+ was/were+v+ing+obj.
  
 Ex: I was doing my work. 

3) Past Perfect Tense: 

S+had+v3+obj.
 
  Ex: I had done the work. 

4) Past perfect Continuous Tense: 

S+had+ been+v+ing+obj.
   
 Ex: I had been doing the work.

The Structures (future tense)are as follows:

1) Future Indefinite thense: 

S+shall/will+ v+ obj. 

  Ex: I shall attend the meeting. 

2) Future Continuous Tense: 

S+shall/will+ be+m.v+ing+obj

 Ex: I shall be doing this work. 

3) Future Perfect Tense: 

S+shall/will+have+v3+obj
  
 Ex: I shall have done the work. 

4)Future Perfect Continuous:Tense:

S+shall/will+have+been+ V+ing+obj
 
 Ex: I shall have been doing the work. 


## Let's discuss basic Tense Catching Clues which usually help students to guess the exact location(name) of tense of a sentence. After seeing anyone of these clues(words) students should be able to identify it's tense

TENSE WISE CLUES ARE AS FOLLOWS:: 


PRESENT UNDEFINITE TENSE:

(usually, daily, regularly, everyday-month-year, often, sometimes etc) 

Ex: He usually (go) to school at 8:30am

Ans: He usually goes to school a:30am

The man sometimes (visit) the temple. 

Ans: The man sometimes visits the temple. 

The train (leave)at 5pm daily. 

Ans: The train leaves at 5pm daily. 


PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE:

(now, at this time etc) 

Ex: It (rain) now. 
Ans: It is raining now. 

He(sleep) at this time. 

Ans: He is sleeping at this time. 


##Sentences with (go) to is used in continuous tense. 

Ex: It(go) to rain very soon. 

Ans: It is going to rain very soon. 


PRESENT PERFECT TENSE:

(just, just now, already, yet etc) 

Ex: I(take) a cup of milk just now. 

Ans: I have taken a cup of milk just now. 

He already (complete)the assignment. 

Ans: He has already completed the assignment. 

The parcel has (not receive) yet. 

Ans: The parcel has not been received yet. 


PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE:

(Since, for etc) 

 It (rain) since morning. 

Ans: It has been raining since morning. 

We (read) here for a long time. 

Ans: We have been reading here for a long time. 

PAST INDEFINITE TENSE:

(last, yesterday, ago, before, recently etc) 

The  officer (arrive) yesterday. 

Ans: The officer arrived yesterday. 

She (see) me before two days. 

Ans: She saw me before two days. 

They (leave) ten days ago. 

Ans: They left ten days ago. 


PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE: 

(then etc) 

He (work) then

Ans: He was working then. 

PAST PERFECT TENSE:

(before, after, past to past etc) 

He(leave) before the doctor arrived. 

Ans: He had left before the doctor arrived. 

The patient(die) after the doctor had left. 

Ans: The patient died after the doctor had left. 

He (be) a student of this college from 2000 to 2005.

Ans: He had been a student of this college from 2000 to 2005.


PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

( past to past) 

He (stay) here from 1995 to 2001.

Ans: He had been staying here from 1995 to 2001.

FUTURE INDEFINITE TENSE:

(next, tomorrow, until) 

They (come) next year. 

Ans: They will come next year. 

Our President (leave) for Delhi tomorrow. 

Ans: Our President will leave for Delhi tomorrow. 


FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE. 

(future plan etc.) 

We (wait) here till Monday morning. 

Ans: We shall be waiting here till Monday morning. 


FUTURE PERFECT TENSE. 

We (go) before he comes. 

Ans: we shall have gone before he comes. 

FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE:

We (Wait) for them

Ans: We shall have been waiting for them.


CONDITIONAL TENSE RULES 

There are three conditionals : 

a) Open Conditionals

b) Rejected Conditionals 

c) Imaginary Conditionals


OPEN CONDITIONALS : These are conditionals where sentences indicate that the CONDITION/ CONDITIONS known to all.  

            Example: If it (rain) I shall not go to school
              
              Answer: If it rains I shall not go to school.

REJECTED CONDITIONALS : These are those conditionals which indicate that an event or a chance which may no longer be availed. There is no chance any more.

            Example: If you (be) there, you would meet the celebrity.
                   
         Answer: If you were there you would meet the celebrity.

IMAGINARY CONDITIONALS : This type of conditional sentences indicate a condition which is not normally possible.
 
            Example : If I (be) a ghost I would have punished you in the darkness of night.
            
        Answer: If I were a ghost I would have punished you in the darkness of night.


## Thus, it is found that conditional sentences are an integral part of Tense family.



 THERE ARE SOME VERBS WHICH ARE NOT USED IN PRESENT, PAST AND FUTURE 

CONTINUOUS TENSE AND PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE. 
    
STUDENTS WOULD BE SHOCKED TO KNOW THAT THE FOLLOWING VERBS ARE

NOT USED IN ANY CONTINUOUS AND PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE.

THE VERBS ARE AS FOLLOWS ::

## See, hate , hear, feel ,notice, smell, like , believe, expect, know, contain, care, forgive, think, wish etc.


##Examples:: 

 I am seeing a tiger --- Wrong Sentence
  
 # I see a tiger ---- Correct sentence.

He is feeling unwell.---- wrong 

# He feels unwell.-----correct

She is hearing a sound----- wrong

# She hears a sound.----correct.

We are knowing you for a long time.----wrong

# We have known you for a long time.----correct

The building consisting of five rooms.----wrong

# The building consists of five rooms.---- correct.

I am wishing you a happy birthday.-----wrong

# I wish you a happy birthday.-------correct.




## STUDENTS SHOULD ALWAYS REMEMBER THAT  ___


HABITUAL ACTION, UNIVERSAL TRUTH TAKES SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE.



### REGULAR PRACTICE MAY LEAD TO SUCCESS.






  

   1 Comment

• January 08, 2022 1 $type={blogger}

VOICE CHANGE || ENGLISH GRAMMAR

   January 07, 2022      

There are two types of voice - Active and Passive. 

Ex:: He reads a book

He is subject, read is action verb and book is object., and the tense of the sentence is 

Present Indefinite. 

[REMEMBER::: TO SOLVE VOICE QUESTIONS STUDENTS MUST BE ABLE TO

 IDENTIFY tense & object of the sentence; so without proper knowledge of tense they should not try voice change.] 


# CHANGE OF PRONOUN needed. 


Active                 passive
  I                              me
He                            him
She                           her
We                            us
They                        them
You                          you



# It is important to remember that voice is changed in the following categories::


A) i.Indefinite (present, past, future) 

ii. Continuous (present, past) 

iii. Perfect (present, past, Future) 



B) Auxiliary or Yes/No question. 


C) Wh.Questions (who, what, when, where etc) 


D) Imperative Sentence


E) Agentless Sentence. 


PRESENT TENSE:: 


Present Indefinite Tense 


Passive Voice formula: 


(S+am/is/are+ v3+ by/to+ obj) 


Ex: I do my works.(A) 

Ans: My works are done by me. 


Present continuous Tense.

Passive voice formula:

( S+ am/is/are+ being+ v3+by/to+obj) 

Ex:He is doing the work (A) 

Ans:The work is being done by him. 


Present perfect tense

Passive voice formula:

(S+ has/have+ been+ v3+ by/to+ obj) 

Ex: Rita has done the work. (A)
 
Ans:The work has been done by Rita. 


PAST TENSE:: 

Past Indefinite tense. 

passive voice formula:

(S+ was/were+v3+ obj) 

Ex::He did this work. (A) 

Ans: This work was done by him. 


Past Continuous tense. 

Passive voice formula:

(S+ was/were+ being+ v3+by/to + obj) 

Ex: He was doing the work now. (A) 

Ans:The work was being done by him now. 


Past perfect tense. 

Passive voice formula.
 
(S+ had+been+v3+by/to+ obj) 

They had solved the problem. (A) 

Ans:The problem had been solved by them. 


FUTURE TENSE. 

Future Indefinite tense.
 
Passive voice formula. 

(S+ shall/will+be+ v3+by/to+ obj) 

We shall read the book tomorrow.(A) 

Ans:The book will be read by us tomorrow. 

Future continuous tense. (No chance) 

Future perfect tense. 

Passive voice formula:

(S+will/shall+ have+been+v3+by/to+obj)
 
They will have done the work. (A) 

Ans:The work will have been done by them. 


B. Auxiliary or Yes -No question & Voice. 


There are 24 auxiliary verbs. They are categorised into two:: 

Primary auxiliary (11 no's) & Modal auxiliary (13no's). 


Passive formula for voice with Primary PRIMARY AUXILIARY VERBS: 

(P.auxiliary+sub+ be/being/been+v3+by/to+obj) 

Ex:: Is he doing the work? (A) 

Ans: Is the work being done by him? 

Has he solved the problem?(A) 

Ans: Has the problem been solved by him?
 
Are you not singing a song? (A) 

Ans: Is a song not being sung by you?
 
Were you reading the newspaper? (A) 

Ans: Was the newspaper being read by you? 

Does he like tea? (A) 

Ans: Is tea liked by him? 

Do you know this man? (A) 

Ans: Is this man known to you?
 
Did you see the snake yesterday? (A) 

Ans: Was the snake seen by you yesterday? 


MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS: 

Passive voice formula:: 

(M.auxiliary+ sub+ be+ v3+by/to+ obj) 

REMEMBER:: Modal auxiliary verbs like May, Can, could, Should, Shall/Will etc remain same in passive voice. 


Examples:

May I take your bicycle? (A) 

Ans: May your bicycle be taken by me? 

Will you visit the temple tomorrow? (A) 

Ans: Will the temple be visited by you tomorrow?

Can you open the door? (A) 

And: Can the door be opened by you? 

Shall we be punished by the teacher? (P) 

Ans: Will the teacher punish us? (A) 


WH-QUESTIONS & VOICE CHANGE. 

Passive voice formula:

(Wh+ auxiliary+sub+be/been/being+ v3) 


Remember:: Active        passive
                       Who            By whom
                       Whom          Who

Examples: 

Who has done the work!? (A) 

Ans: By whom has the work been done? 

Whom do you know here? 

Ans: Who is known to you here? 

What are you doing now? 

Ans: What is being done by you now? 

Where have they seen the police? 

Ans: where has the police been seen by them? 

How did she solve the puzzle? 

Ans: How was the puzzle solved by her? 


IMPERATIVE SENTENCE & VOICE CHANGE. 


Note: Active                         Passive

        Please/kindly             you are requested to

Use -- you are asked to
          You are ordered to
         You are advised to 

            Let  ...etc     where necessary. 

Ex: Do this work now. (A) 

Ans: you are asked to do this work now. 

Please help us. 

Ans: you are requested to help us. 

Type this letter soon. 

Ans: let the letter by typed soon. 


AGENTLESS SENTENCE & VOICE CHANGE. 


There is no specific rules for these sentences in voice. It depends upon the students ability to

 understand/ guess. This types of voice questions are mostly found in passive form. Students may

 accept : people, they, police, thief, some one, workers, engineers, we , it is said that etc as per their need. 

Examples::  

Rose is called the queen of flowers.(P)
 
Ans: People call rose the queen of flowers. 

The bridge was repaired. (P) 

Ans: Workers repaired the bridge.
 
Honesty is the best policy. (A) 

Ans: It is said that honesty is the best policy. 

The thief  has been caught red handed. (A) 

Ans: Police has caught caught the thief. 

Rome was not built in a day. 

And: It is said that Romans didn't build Rome in a day. 

My book has been  lost. (Passive) 

Ans: I have lost my book. 

All the students will be punished. 

Ans: Teacher will punish all the students. 


VOICE EXERCISE - SOLVED. 

1) By whom has the glass been broken? (P) 

Ans: Who broke the glass? 

2) Do you know this answer? (A) 

Ans: Is this answer known to you? 

3) Do you prefer tea to coffee? (A) 

Ans: Is tea  preferred to coffee by you? 

4) Should I help the man? 

Ans: Should the man be helped by me? 

5) What are you thinking of? 

Ans: what is being thought of by you? 

6) Who is laughing at the poor? 

Ans: By whom is the poor being laughed at? 

7) Don't look down upon the poor? 

Ans: Let the poor not be looked down upon. 

8) Who knocked at the door? 

Ans: By whom was the door knocked at? 



EXERCISE FOR PRACTICE::

1) I don't like this idea

2) Is he singing a song? 

3) when did you call us? 

4) May I solve your problem? 

5) Don't do this. 

6) Can I do this here ?

7) Mr, Das teaches us English.

8) Grass grows over the field.

9)They made me sing a song.

10)Please enter by this door.

11) Let the boy be told to get in.

12)He laughed at me.

13) Don't go there,

14) It will be published by him.

15) Mr.Saikia bought a new car last year.



IDENTIFY WHETHER ACTIVE OR PASSIVE VOICE..

1)  Might I use your phone ?

2) The bridge was repaired.

3) Carelessness causes accidents.

4) They made him the Captain.

5) I delivered all the letters.

6)They say that he is a saint.

7) It is known that knowledge is power.

8) The lock has been broken.

9)The letters have been posted.

10) The patient has been treated.

11) Books are bought by him every month.

12) A tree has been cut.

13) An application was being written .

14) I am known to them.

15) Had she kept her promise ?







  

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• January 07, 2022 1 $type={blogger}

ENGLISH GRAMMAR || TAG QUESTION

   January 06, 2022      

TAG QUESTION is a part of QUESTION PATTERN in grammar. It is included in school level grammar syllabus. Meaning of Tag question is - the question which is added in the end of a sentence. 


POINTS TO REMEMBER::

1) Auxiliary verb which is present in the sentence.. Just use it in the beginning of the question. 

2) If the given sentence is negative.. then don't use not (n't) with the auxiliary. 

3) If the sentence is affirmative.. then join n't with the auxiliary. 

4) If the given sentence contains any one of -- few, hardly, scarcely, seldom etc  then the sentence is negative... question is to be asked in affirmative. 

5) Sentence with 'I am' take Aren't I. 

6) Sentence with 'Let us' take shall we. 

7) All imperative sentence take 'will you'. 

8) Sentence with everyone & everybody take 'they'.



EXERCISE SOLVED... 

1) He is a good boy; isn't he? 

2) We play football regularly,; don't we? 

3) He works very hard; doesn't he? 

4) Let us go to the park; shall we? 

5) Please help me now; will you? 

6) I am senior to you; aren't I? 

7) Look at the sky; will you? 

8) I have completed my job; haven't I? 

9) Everyone warned you, didn't they? 

10) Neither of them complained, did they? 

11) You can swim, can't you? 

12) Raj can cope with the situation, can't he? 

13) You found your passport, didn't you? 

14) He will come soon, won't he? 

15) The dishes are dirty, aren't they? 

16) She works in a bank, doesn't she? 

17) Nobody knows, does s/he? 

18) I am invited to your party, aren't I? 

19) He never says a word, does he? 

20) This will work, won't this? 

21) Don't let it happen again, will you? 

22) It seldom barks, does it? 

23) Everyone attended the party, Didn't they? 

   /

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• January 06, 2022 0 $type={blogger}

ENGLISH GRAMMAR || REORDERING OF SENTENCES OR JUMBLE WORDS

   January 05, 2022      

WORD ORDER  --OR

REARRANGE OF SENTENCE -- OR

JUMBLE WORDS -- OR

MAKE GOOD SENTENCE.




Re ordering of sentence is also called Rearrange or Make good sentence. 

    This very task of grammar needs proper attention of the students since SUBJECT &PREDICATE is to find out by them. Subject may be a noun, a pronoun. After getting the subject students should try to find the other words as per the order of meaning. Above all, a long time practice from easy to tough question is needed.


Rewrite the following sentences correctly. 


1) many/went/guests/away/of/the

Ans: Many of the guests went away. 


2) pollution/burning/day to day/problem/in /our/is/a/life.

Ans: Pollution is a burning problem in our day to day life. 


3) raining/morning/since/it/has/been.

Ans: It has been raining since morning. 


4) visited/home/he/our/last/evening.

Ans: He visited our home last evening. 


5) swim/how/to/he/knows.

Ans: He knows how to swim. 


6) brother/me/a new/gave/my/pen/yesterday.

Ans: My brother gave me a new pen yesterday. 


7) rubber/hit/me/in/head/made/of/my/the ball/which/is

Ans: The ball, which is made of rubber hit me in my head. 


8) your/work/begin/stop/talking/and.

Ans: Stop talking and begin your work. 


9) met/yesterday/the/man/this/whom/I/is.

Ans: This is the man whom I met yesterday. 


10) know/nobody/in/town/I/this.

Ans: I know nobody in this town. 


11) be/true/your/work/and/words/always/to.

Ans: Always be true to your work and words.

 
12) visited/ever/the/Tajmahal/you/have/? 

Ans: Have you ever visited the Tajmahal? 


13) sky/at/the/going/look/it/is/to/rain.

Ans: Look at the sky it is going to rain. 


14) recently/the/price/of/increased/fuel.

Ans: The price of fuel increased recently. 


15) long/stay/they/here/will/how? 

Ans: How long will they stay here? 

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• January 05, 2022 0 $type={blogger}

ENGLISH GRAMMAR|| MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS||

   January 04, 2022      

MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS ARE : 


SHALL, WILL, SHOULD, WOULD, CAN, COULD, MAY, MIGHT, MUST, NEED ,DARE, USED TO, OUGHT TO .


These verbs are, in many a case separately used and called MODALS.






1) You____ be punished (threaten). 

Ans: shall

2) We _____ do it( ability) 

Ans: Can

3) They ____ go to a doctor soon(suggestion) 

Ans: Should

4) You_____ surrender(Compulsion) 

Ans: Must. 

5) I ____ go to Delhi tomorrow ( future) 

Ans: Shall. 

6) They____ help the flood victims(Willingness) 

Ans: Will. 

7) ____ you please do this? ( Politeness) 

Ans: Would. 

8) ____ I take your car today? (Permission) 

Ans: May. 

9) They ____ come next month. (Possibility) 

Ans: May. 

10) Dr. Das _____ smoke while staying in London. ( Past habit) 

Ans: Used to. 

11) I ____ win this competition. (determination) 

Ans: shall. 

12) ___I use your pen. (Permission) 

Ans: May

13) We______ love our country. (Moral duty) 

Ans: should. 

14) _____ his soul rest in peace. ( wish) 

Ans: May. 

15) He_____ be ten next month.(certainly) 

Ans: will. 




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• January 04, 2022 0 $type={blogger}

HORNBILL|| POEM|| FATHER TO SON || NCERT CLASS 11

   January 02, 2022      

FATHER TO SON

                                        A POEM  BY   - ELIZABETH JENNINGS


AN INTRODUCTION TO THE POET:


    Elizabeth Jennings was a noted English poet. She was born on July 18,  1926 in Boston. Later on she moved to Oxford and spent the  rest of her life. She led an extraordinary life and considered the only woman who joined the anti-romantic aesthetic movement. She worked on poetry dedicatedly and published about 26 books of poetry in her lifetime.  Her poems are famous for their lyrical quality. She was a devout Roman catholic. 'Catholicism' is an important theme of her poetry.  This noted poet died in 2001. 



THE POEM- TEXT:



FATHER TO SON


I do not understand the child
Though we have lived together now
In the same house for years, I know
Nothing of him, so try to build
Up a relationship from now
He was when small, Yet have I killed


(EXPLANATION: In the first stanza the father says that although they live in the same house, he does not understand his son at present. May be he understood him before. He expresses sorrowfully  that he knows nothing about his son. Hence he wants to reshape his relation with his son.)

 
The seed I spent or sown it where
The land is his and none of mine?
We speak like strangers, there's no sign
Of understanding in the air.
This child is built to my design
Yet what he loves I cannot share.

(EXPLANATION: Father also says that his son originated from him, but now he has no connection with his son. There is total gap of communication between them two. There is no understanding between that and they talk like strangers to one another. Although the child or his son was built up as per the father's design but now they do not know one another.)


Silence surrounds us. I would have
Him prodigal, returning to
His father's house, the home he knew,
Rather that see him make and move
His world. I would forgive him too,
Shaping from sorrow a new love.

(EXPLANATION: The father regretted that even if they talk, there prevails silence in between. Father says that his son should come back to him now, even if he is prodigal (one who spends much).The father puts a margin between his son's return to his father's home or making his own home and move over there. Finally he says that whatever the situations, habit or activities of sons are, he would forgive him. Also he (father) would shape up their relation newly)


Father and son, we both must live
On the same globe and the same land,
He speaks: I cannot understand
Myself, why anger grows from grief.
We each put out an empty hand,
Longing for something to forgive.


(EXPLANATION:  Father added that  if they are bound to live in the same world, universe or globe why he should live apart. He says that sometimes his grieves makes him angry. But he, eventually puts forwards his empty hands towards his son so that he can embrace him, forgive him and can have a new beginning of their relation.)




AN INTRODUCTION TO THE POEM- FATHER TO SON.

     This poem deals with the theme of relationship. This is about father and sons relationship. Some scholars state that this is about generation gap, which is a very trending issue. Through this poem we come to know about the feelings of an aged father who observes his grown up son's activities and manner. The father, here, is in fact a smooth observer of his son's ways of living. He feels isolated and emotionally separated  from his son. He feels that he has no right to share his son's thoughts or feelings. He wants that instead of making his own world the son should come back to his father. The father wants to accept his son unconditionally. Thus, this poem has a universal appeal; for the father represents father in general. Moreover, we may say that the crisis of the father in the poem - is the crisis of all modern day fathers in general.


            THINK IT OUT 



1) Does the poem talk of an exclusively personal experience or is it fairly universal? 


Answer: 

    This poem talks of a universal theme. It describes the relationship between a father and his son. In this sense it an autobiographical poem. Although it expresses a father's personal experience, it has a universal appeal. 


2) How is the father 's helplessness brought out in the poem? 


Answer: 

    Though it can not be generalized, the more our parents grow older, the more they feel isolated and alienated. In this poem, a father feels himself lonely having communication gap with his busy son. As we read, they live under the same roof still the father feels himself isolated. He complains that he can't share thoughts with his son. Hence, he longs for reunion with his own son. 


3) Identify the phrases and lines that indicate distance between father and son. 


Answer: 

    The lines are:
a) " I don't understand this child. "
b) " I know nothing of him. "
c) "We speak like strangers. "
d) What he loves I can't share. "



4) Does the poem have a consistent rhyme scheme? 


Answer: 
    No, the poem does not have a consistent rhyme scheme. 



ADDITIONAL QUESTION AND ANSWERS::


1.   Who is the poet of the poem ?

Answer:
     
    Elizabeth Jennings



2. What does the father not understand?

Answer:
    The father does not understand his son.



3.What is meant by "Silence surrounds us"?

Answer:
    It means that there is communication gap between the father and the son. Precisely, they don't talk to one another.



4.What is the the father's wish ?

Answer:
    
    The father wishes to forgive his son.


5.What is the central theme of the poem?

Answer:

    The central theme is universal i,e. lack of attention or concern for aged parents. 



6.What does the father try?

Answer:

    The father tries to rebuild his relation with his own son.



7.What does "we speak like strangers" mean?

Answer:

    The father complains that there is no understanding or mutual relation between him and his son. Hence they talk like strangers. This is  really pathetic on the part of a father.



8.What is meant by "This child, not my child."?


Answer:

    This means the finds difference between his earlier child and the present grown up child. He made his to his design but now he is no longer looks as expected by the father.



9. What does the father long for ?

Answer:

     The father longs for embracing his son and forgiving him.



10. What morale lesson does the poem deliver to us?


Answer: 

    This poem delivers one morale lesson that whatever may be the circumstance, we should not forget to look after our older parents. Apart from fulfilling their requirements. we should exchange our thoughts with them since with the growing age they become more lonely, thoughtful and isolated. 
 

  

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• January 02, 2022 0 $type={blogger}

THE AILING PLANET: THE GREEN MOVEMENT'S ROLE.|| HORNBILL|| NCERT CLASS 11

   January 01, 2022      

THE AILING PLANET 




Understanding the text. 

1. Locate the lines in the text that support the title 'The Ailing planet. '

Ans: The lines are: 
i) The Earth's vital signs reveal a patient in declining health. 
ii) Are we to leave our successors a scorched planet of advancing deserts impoverished landscape and ailing environment. 


2) What does the notice 'The world's most dangerous animal at a cage in the zoo at Lusaka, Zambia, signify? 

Ans: The real cause behind today's polluted earth, destruction of environment and our surrounding is man's careless works and selfish activities. This is what the notice " The world's most dangerous animal" at a cage in the zoo at Lusaka, Zambia, signifies. Directly or indirectly man is responsible for deteriorating environment, eliminating of forests and extinction of natural flora and fauna. 


3) How are the earth's principal biological system being depleted? 

Ans:Depletion of earth's principal biological system such as fisheries, forests, grasslands and Copland is caused by rapid increase of global human population, application of excessive pesticides and insecticides on soil, deforestation and rapid industrialisation, modern lifestyle etc. All these have affected nature and resulted in scarcity of getting raw materials needed for producing goods for all. 


4) Why does the author aver that the growth of world population is one of the strongest factors distorting the future of human society? 

Ans:The world population is increasing day by day. This has put dangerous pressure on natural resources of the world. Everyday new challenges related to nature and environment have come up whereas development is, still a far cry. Now the only thing we need to do is creating awareness among us regarding global environment challenges. Mere passing laws is worthless unless and until they are implemented strictly.
   Obviously, the root cause  behind all these is population increase globally. If this ongoing process can't be stopped, poverty, unemployment and such other problems will be perpetuating in human society. 


EXTRA QUESTIONS -ANSWERS. 


1) What do you mean by 'forests precede mankind desert follow? 

Ans: The expression means that due to their greed, man has destroyed the forests and left deserts behind. This resulted in miseries and suffering among men. 


2) What does the Article 48A of our Constitution provide us? 

Ans: Article 48A of our Constitution provides that the state shall try to protect and improve the environment and safeguard the forests and wildlife of the country. 


3) What does that Brand Commission deal with? 


Ans: The Brand Commission deals with the question of ecology and our environment. 

4) What does Margaret Thatcher remark? 

Ans: Margaret Thatcher remarks " No generation has a free hold on this earth. "


5) Who is the author of this chapter? 

Ans: Nani Palkilhivala. 

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• January 01, 2022 0 $type={blogger}
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