Keeping Quiet by Pablo Neruda: Summary & Question Answer

Keeping Quiet by Pablo Neruda: Summary & Question Answer

   May 22, 2025       RSC

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About the poet--

PABLO NERUDA was a Chilean poet. He was born on 12 July, 1904. He began his creative career since 13 years of age. He was also a diplomat. He was awarded Nobel Prize for literature in 1971. He wrote a number of poems and well known for his variety of styles. This poet died on 23 September, 1973.

About the poem---

The poem 'Keeping Quiet' is all about a universal appeal to all people across the globe to stop whatever work one does just for a while. The purpose behind this appeal is to introspect into ourselves and have mutual understanding among all. The poet suggests us all to withdraw from our harmful activities for a couple of seconds so as to make this earth a better place to live in.

Brief Summary:

In "Keeping Quiet," Pablo Neruda makes a universal plea for a moment of global silence and stillness. He suggests that if we all stop our frantic activities and count to twelve, we can enter an "exotic moment" of peace and introspection.

The summary of the poem contains core message which includes: The Power of Stillness: The poet argues that a temporary suspension of work, speech, and machinery ("without rush, without engines") would allow us to escape the cycle of constant movement and feel a sense of "sudden strangeness" and togetherness. Self-Introspection: Silence gives us the space to look inward. For example, the fisherman would stop harming whales, and the man gathering salt would finally have a moment to look at his "hurt hands." A New Perspective on Progress: Neruda critiques destructive "wars with gas" and "wars with fire," suggesting that victory in such conflicts is hollow if there are no survivors. Instead, he envisions enemies walking together in the shade like brothers. Life in Stillness: The poet clarifies that he does not advocate for "total inactivity" or death. He uses the Earth as a symbol: just as nature appears dead in winter only to prove it is alive in spring, a moment of silence can help us recharge and begin our lives with new energy.

TEXTUAL QUESTION ANSWER-

1. What will counting up to twelve and keeping still help us achieve ?

Answer-  the poet expects that we should keep quiet and stop our activities for a few seconds. He says that if we can do so then it would be an exotic moment. This will help us to gain new energy and begin our activities afresh.

2. Do you think the poet advocates total inactivity and death ?

Answer- No, the poet is not advocating total inactivity and death. He wishes that we should keep still just for a few moments. This will help us avoid rush and think about ourselves. This will also help us to restore our strength and live better life.

3. What is the sadness that the poet refers to in the poem ?

Answer- By the word 'sadness' he refers to our failure to understand ourselves. In fact, we are so busy that we have no time to introspect into our destructive activities. Hence, he suggests us to know ourselves and our works better and introspect in silence.

4. What symbol from the nature does the poet invoke to say that there can be life under apparent stillness ?

Answer-The poet invokes the symbol of the Earth to clarify that there is possibility of life under apparent stillness. The earth teaches us the best and helpful lesson of life.

EXTRA/ ADDITIONAL QUESTION ANSWER-

1.Name the poet of 'Keeping Quiet'?

Answer: The poet is Pablo Neruda.

2.Why does the poet want to count up to twelve?

Answer: The poet believes that counting up to twelve provides a necessary pause and the patience needed to introspect and reflect on our actions.

3.What does 'not speak in any language' mean?

Answer: This phrase indicates a state of complete silence, where the barriers of language are removed to create universal peace.

4.What is 'sudden strangeness'? 

Answer: It refers to the unexpected and wonderful feeling of togetherness and silence that humanity would experience if all movement stopped at once.

5.What would happen to a fisherman?

Answer: The fisherman would get a brief chance to stop his work and refrain from harming the whales in the sea.

6.What does the poet mean by 'wars'? 

Answer: The poet refers to wars as destructive activities (like green wars or wars with gas) that cause total ruin and leave no survivors to celebrate victory.

7.With what should one not get confused?

Answer: One should not confuse the poet’s plea for silence with "total inactivity" or death; he wants a temporary pause to gain perspective, not an end to life.

8.What does the Earth teach us? 

Answer: The Earth teaches us that there can be life under apparent stillness; just as nature seems dead in winter but flourishes in spring, silence can lead to rebirth.

9.What does the poet mean by 'without rush, without engines'? 

Answer: "Without rush" means an absence of the modern hurry and crowd, while "without engines" refers to the silence of vehicles and industrial machinery.

10. What does 'in the shade, doing nothing' mean? 

Answer: It describes a moment where everyone, including soldiers and those planning wars, sits together in brotherhood and peace, resting from their destructive tasks.

REFERENCE TO THE CONTEXT (RTC)

1. 'Fishermen in the cold sea

     Would not harm whales

      And the man gathering salt

      Would look at his hurt hands.'

1. Who is the speaker ?

2. When will the fishermen not harm whales?

3.Why will salt gathering man look at his hands?

Answer- 

1) The poet Pablo Neruda is the speaker here.

2) During the few moments that the poet suggests us to keep quiet.

3) The salt gathering men have no time usually, but the moments that the poets suggests to keep quiet, will help them to observe their hurt hands.

2. 'Perhaps the Earth can teach us

     As when everything seems dead

     And later proves to be alive."

1. What lesson does the earth teach us ?

2. What seems dead ?

3.What proves alive ?

Answer-

1. According to the poet the earth teaches us the best lesson on how to live in spite of all difficulties.

2. All hopes and aspirations seem dead at some crucial juncture of life.

3. The earth proves to be alive regardless of all adversities.

 RTC.

1. Reference to the Context (RTC) 

"Fishermen in the cold sea 

Would not harm whales 

And the man gathering salt 

Would look at his hurt hands."

These lines are quoted from the poem 'Keeping Quiet' written by the Chilean poet Pablo Neruda. 

    Through these lines, the poet discusses how a moment of silence allows humans to stop their harmful actions toward nature and themselves.

    In these lines, Pablo Neruda highlights how a moment of silence can end the cycle of violence and self-neglect. The poet suggests that in a state of quiet introspection, humans would stop their destructive exploitation of nature. It represents a shift from dominance to coexistence. The image of the "man gathering salt" looking at his "hurt hands" is powerful. It implies that we are often so caught up in the mindless "rush" of survival and work that we fail to notice our own pain or the damage we are doing to ourselves.

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SOCIAL SCIENCE : POLITICAL SCIENCE , CHAPTER-1, SEBA :CLASS -X

SOCIAL SCIENCE : POLITICAL SCIENCE , CHAPTER-1, SEBA :CLASS -X

   May 19, 2025       RSC

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 POLITICAL  SCIEMCE

INDIAN DEMOCRACY, LESSON -1

CHAPTER KEY PONTS

- Ideals of constitution

- Federal characteristics of the Indian constitution

-Parliamentary democracy in India

CHAPTER SUMMARY-

-The Indian constitutioncame into force on 26january. India was governed in accordance with the govt. Of India Act,1935 from August 15, 1947 to 26 january, 1950

-The significant word ibthis chapter are sovereign, secular, socialist, democratic and republic.

-The wor dfederation is not mentioned in Indian constitution as found in the USA.India is, rather a union of states in the Article No-1 mentioned in constitution.

-The Govt. Of India Act introduced the Parliamentary form of govt. In India.

-Overal, India is a parliamentary democratic state.

TEXTUAL QUESTON ANSWERS: (EXERCISE)

Very short question and answer;

1) which political party won the elections held in 1945 in England ?

Answer- 

    The labour Party won the elections held in July, 1945 in England.

2) When did the Cabinet Mission came to India?

Answer-

   The cabinet Mission came to India in March, 1946

3) Who was the first chairman of the Constituent Assembly ?

Answer-

    Dr. Sachindananda Sinha was the first Chairman of the Constituent Assembly.

4) Who was the president of the drafting committee of Indian Constitution ?

Answer- Dr. B.R.Ambedkar

  5) In which Constitutional amendment the words 'Socialist' and 'Secular' were incorporated in the Preamble ?

Answer- These two words were incorporated in the preamble of indian constitution by the 42nd constitutional Ammendment 1976.

6) From which Latin word has been the english word 'Federation' derived ?

Answer-

   The english word 'federation' has been derived fromthe'latin' word 'foedus'. It's literal meaning is agreement or treaty.

7) which country is regarded as the homeland of 'federation; ?

Answer-

  The United State of America.

8) Is there dual citizenship system in India ?

Answer-

  No, there is no dual citizenship in India.

9) From which countr's constitution has been the concept of Indian parliamentary democracy followed ?

Answer-

  From the constitution of England.

SHORT ANSWER-

Q.1) why did the British govt. Send the cabinet Mission to India ?

Answer-In the general election held in july, 1945 in england the labour party came to power. The new gevernment l\took the decision to decalre Independenace to India. Accordingly the labour party government of England felt the utmost necessity of constitution for the new democratic state of India.

    With a view to creating a good atmosphere and for framming a new cnstitution of India, the cabinet Mission came to India in march, 1946.

Q.2) According to which Act, Indian administration was governed between 15 august 1947 to 26 january, 1950 and who did enact this act ?

Answer-

  In accordance with the provisions of the Govt of India Act-1935 the Indian adminstration was governed between 15 August, 1947 to 26 january, 1950.

   

  This Act was enacted by the British parliament.

Q.3) why are the words 'we the people of India' have been incorporated in the preamble ?

Answer-

  The words 'we the people of india' have been incorporated in the preamble of the constitution for some special purpose. In fact, the makers of it made it crystal clear in definite terms that the actual authority of the constitution of India, are the people themselves. They are the main force behind the constitution.

Q.4) what is meant by the term 'sovereign' ?

Answer-

    The term 'sovereign' means the supreme power. It further means that India is no longer under any control of external power.

Q.5) SAME AS VERY SHORT QUESTION AND ANSWER.

Q6.What is meant by 'Quashi-federal state ?

Answer-

  The word 'quashi' means have some of the features, and 'federal' means - a system of govt. Where power is devided between the centre and other constituent units. 

   However, 'quashi-federal' menas nominal or relative federal system of government.

Q.7. Which Indian Act had introduced limited parliamentary democracy in pre independence India ?

Answer-

  The govt. Of India Act, 1935 had also introduced a parliamentary form of govt. In a limited form in the pre-independence India.

LONG ANSWERS QUESTIONS--

Q.1) Discuss how the ideals of the Indian Constitution have been amnifested in it's Preamble ?

Answer-

   The preamble if the introduction to the constitution. The mainfeatures of the constitution are found in the beginning. Here ideals and objectives of the constitution have been mentioned. So, the preamble of our constitution is regarede as the soul, the conscience. The threshhold and the key of Indian constitution.

   However, each and every word bears the ideals, philosophy and objectives of our constitution. The makers of our constitution paid much attention to the rich Indian culture, civilization and heritage.

 They have also made it clear that the actual authority of the constitution is the country people. The words like sovereign, secular, socialist, democratic and republic reflect the ideals and spirit of the constitution.

Q.2) write in detail about what is meant by sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic and republic .

Answer-

  These words are discussed as follows-

A) Sovereign: Sovereignty is the supreme and absolute power of india like other states. Externally or internally india is not subordinate to any other state.

B) Socialist : In the year 1976, on 42nd Amendment, this word s incorporated in our constitution. It means there will be no inequality among the people of india. Equality will prevail in their income, status, lving standard, economic condition etc.

C) Secular: It has been mentioned in the constitution that India has not any state language.All religions are equal here in the eyes of the government.This word was also incorporated on 42nd amendment of the constitution.

D) Democratic: India is a democratic country where representatives are elected by poeple elect their representative through diret voting system.

E) Republic: The head of the state is  elected by the people here. The post of head is not hirarchial or as like as kings or queens of many other country.

Q.3) Discuss the objective resolutions put forwarded by Pandit Nehru in relation to the Indian constitution.

Answer-

  Pandit Nehru, the first prime Minister of India put forwarded a few objective resolutions of the constitution at the first sitting of the constituent Assembly. The date was 9th December, 1946.The Assembly accepted the resolutions on 22 january,1947.Those resolutions were adopted as the basis of making the constitutio.

  

  The main points of the objective resolution are as follows:-

A) The constituent Assembly is determined to declare India as Independent Sovereign Republic.

B) A union of state shall be constituted with the britis-ruled India territory and the earst while princely kingdom willing to join the Indian territory.

C)  Social, political and economic justice, equality, religious liberty, freedom of expression and opinion of Indian people will be duely recognised.

D) There shall be safeguards for the schedule caste, tribes, backward and minority people of India.

E) safeguard to freedom, sovereingthy and integriety of the country.

F) Concentration of International relation, world peace and welfare of the people.

G) The government and the constituent parts shall obtain their power form the people.

H)The indegenous princely states interested to join the Indian union shall enjoy the status of its constituent province through self-governance with the residuary power.

Q.4. Discuss the characteristics of the Indan federal system.

Answer-

  The federal featurs are as follows-

A)Written constitution: our constitution is the longest written document conatining 395 articles and 12 sxhedules. It fulfils the basic requirements of a federal govt. 

B) Supremacy of the constitution: The Indian constitution is supreme and above all. Any violation of it;s provision means going against the constitution.

C) Rigid constitution: Any provosion of the union-state relation can be amended by the joint session of the stae lagislature and of the union govt.Any amendment is passed by a two third majority of the members present.

D) Division of power: As per the 7th schedule of our constitution power may be distributed among the union list, state list and the concurrent list. The Union list has 97 subjects, the state list has 66 subjects and the concurrent list has 47 subjects.

E) Independent Judiciary:  The supreme court is the apex court of the country.It gives the final verdict.

F) Bicameral legislature:  The constitution of India provides for a bicameral legislature at the centre consisting of lok sabha and Rajya sabha. Lok sabha consisted of the elected representatives by the people. Whereas Rajya sabha consisted of the representatives elected by the state lagislative assemblies.

G) Dual government: India has a central and a state govt. 

Q.5.Explain the important characteristics of the Parliamentary form of goct. In Inda.

Answer-

  Parliamentary form of govt. Is that where there exists an close relationship between the executive and the lagislative departments.Here, the cabinate is the real executive.The main features of parliamentary form of govt are as follows:

1) Existance of titular or constitutional ruler: Here administration is carried out by the council of ministers. The president is the nominal head whereas the Prime Minister is the real head of the state.

2) Absence of seperation of power: The principle of seperation of power is not adopted in this form of govt.

3) Role of legislature; Lagislature or the lower house plays a vital role in the formation of the ministry. The leader of the majority party is appointed the PM.

4) collective responsibility: The legislatures may have two kinds of responsibility-individual and collective. They have accountability for their activities whether personal or collective.

5) Executive and legislature relationship: This relation is very close. The majority party members form the cabinet.

6) Leadership of the PM: The PM is ;Primus interpares'- the first among the equals. He possesses greater power than his cabinet colleagues.

7) Role of the opposition: The rople of the opposition party is very vital in parliamentary form of govt.They point out and if needed criticse the activities of the rulling party.

8) Cabinet dictatorship: In this govt, cabinet is  the 'steering wheel of the ship of the state'.Naturally dictatorship is not possible in this form of govt.

EXTRA QUESTION AND ANSWERS::

1. How long did british rule over India ?

 Answer- For nearly two centuries (from 1757-1947)

2. Name the political party that came to power in England in 1945.

Answer-The labour Party.

3.When did the British govt send the cabinet Mission to India ?

Answer- In march, 1946.

4.Who presided over the first sitting of the constient Assembly of India ?

Answer- Sacchindananda Sinha.

5. What is the basis of the federal system in India ?

Answer-The federal system in India was introduced in the basis of two-the govt. And the distribution of power.

6. What does the word 'federation' mean?

Answer- The word federation means 'Agreement or treaty'.

7. Where was the first federation system introduced ?

 

 Answer- in the USA

8. Which constitution was followed while choosing federal system for India ?

Answer-The constitution of Canada.

9) What is preamble ?

Answer- Preamble is the introduction to the constitution.

10) When was sarkaria commission set up ?

Answer- In 1983

11) When Indian constitution came into force ?

Answer- on 26 january, 1950.

12. What is cooperative federation ?

Answer-cooperative federation means a system where the centre-state relationship is sound.

13.Where is heirarchial king or queen is found /

Answer- In England

14.What is called House of Lords ?

Answer- The Upper House of England is called House of Lords.

15.What is called the soul of Indian constitution ?

Answer- The Preamble.

MULTIPLA CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQ)

1. Is there sual citizenship in India ?

A) No         b)yes     c) going to be introduced   d) one of the above.

Answer- a) No

2. Which party wn election in England in 1945.

A) The labour party

B) The Communist party

C) The workers party.

D) The royal party.

Answer- A) The labour party.

3. The word 'foedos 'mean-

A) War and Peace 

B) war and agreement

C) War and destruction

D) Agreement and treaty.

Answer- D)Agreement and treaty

4. The wrd 'federation' comes from-

A) The greek word foedos

B) The American word foedos

C) The latin word foedos

D) The canadian word foedos.

Answer- C) The Latin word foedos.

5. The permanent President of the Constituent Assembly was-

A) Dr.B.R>Ambedkar

B) Dr.Rajendra Prasad

C) Jawaharlal Nehru

D) Gopal Krishna Golhlee.

Answer- A) Dr.B.R Ambedkar

6.The first meeting of the constituent Assembly was held on-

A)9th Dec/'1947

B) 10th Dec/1947

C) 9th Dec/1946

D) 9th Dec/1945.

Answer- c)9th Dec/1946

7. The largest democratic country in the world is-

A) India

B) Canada

C) England

D) China

Answer- A) India

8.Indian govt is-

A)Parliamentary

B)Presidential

C) Federal

D) Unitary

Answer- A) Parliamentary

   

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SUBSTANCE WRITING || NCERT CLASS 10, 11,12 ||

SUBSTANCE WRITING || NCERT CLASS 10, 11,12 ||

   April 19, 2025       RSC

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 SUBSTANCE WRITING.|| WHAT IS SUBSTANCE WRITING AND HOW A SUBSTANCE IS WRITTEN.

    Substance writing is a kind of spot composition. It depends on the students comprehension andcreative skill. The very first point on the part of the writer is that s/he should be able to understand and write English properly. Without having any knowledge of English language or grammar like tense, substance writing is quite impossible. Very often it is seen that some students are encouraged to cram or by heart substance but it is a wrong method. Unless one understands the gist or summary of the passage (given passage or  question of substance) one cannot attempt to solve it. Again there is not any easy or short cut way to do so. Hence. it is very important that one who wants to attempt to write the substance of a passage, should understand and remember all necessary points in this regard and continue with a long time practice so as to attain perfection gradually.

IMPORTANT POINTS TO REMEMBER REGARDING SUBSTANCE WRITING::

1. Read the given passage 0nce, twice or thrice.

2. Try to understand the key points/ gist or summary of the passage.

3.Thereafter, thing and re-think over the key points.

4.Arrange a new concise answer (one-third of of the given question).

5. Start writing keeping close link among the sentences.

6. Omit unnecessary details, use indirect speech.

7. Avoid 1st person pronouns like I, we. our, my etc.

8. Remember length of the answer. It should one third of the question.

9. Substance does not require a Title.

NOTE:: Remember that every passage contains some keywords which are to be found out and then arrange the answer passage afresh.

Example:

 Exercise:1

     The achievement of science in the 20th century have been very great. Its influence can be left in every sphere of our lives. From the small pin to huge iron sheets, most of the things we need for our everyday use come out of factories where scientific tools are utilized for practical ends. Science has enabled men to bring forces to nature under control and to use them for his own advantage. It has brought the distant parts of the world closer. Our knowledge of the universe has been much widened on account of the continuous efforts of astronomers. Remarkably, cures of fatal diseases has been possible due to the discovery of some wonderful medicines. 

Answer:

    Science has made great progress in the 20th century life style. Most of the things of our daily use, big or small are scientifically produced. Science has given us control over nature. It has increased our knowledge to make this world a small platform . Even human beings succeeded in defeating fatal diseases by virtue of scientific tools today.

Exercise :2

    The true gentleman is of  o rank or class. He may be a cultivator or a noble man. Gentle men never show that they are tolerant, civil, sincere and punctual. One may find politeness in the tent of the Arab or in the cottage of the cultivator. Riches and rank have no necessary connection with the gentleness in word and spirit. He may be honest, upright, truthful, self respecting and courageous. The poor man with a rich spirit is always superior to the rich man with a poor spirit.

Answer:

    A true gentleman may be anyone. Such a man has no rank or class. s/he may be a cultivator or a noble man. All gentle, civil, tolerant, amiable, virtuous persons are  true gentleman. True gentlemen do not hanker after rich, rank, power or pelf. They are basically upright, respecting, courageous, and self-

helping.

Exercise:3

     Much of the happiness or purity of our lives depend on our wise choice of our companions and friends. If wrongly chosen they would certainly drag us down, but if well, they will raise us up, yet people leave the selection of our friends to chance, though in the choice of a dog or a horse, they exercise the greatest care. It is well and right to be courteous to everyone with whom we come into contact, but to choose a good friend is quite a different matter.

Answer:

    Friends and companions bring happiness, solace and purity to our lives. Hence to choose a friend one should take utmost care. But, by mistake if we select a bad friend, we may be ruined. Whereas choosing a good friend is always rewarding. In this respect we should remember the saying, "A friend in deed is a friend in need."

Exercise - 4. 

    Real heroes are those whom the world knows not of the work among the distressed and the sufferers.They do not expect any  reward from them. They are moved by the sufferings of others and their main object is to relieve of their sufferings. They selflessly work with love and utmost care. They never hanker after fame, wealth or any other property. They work and die for others, but no stones are raised to mark their graves. No poet sings in their praise. Such heroes live unknown and die unwept. they are unrewarded and unsung., but they are the real gems of the nation.

Answer:

    The real assets of a country are the persons who are known for their great works. They themselves never want any reward. They work with dedication for the country's sake They even die for the country without any material gain. They never think of their comfort, rather they live for others comfort.

Exercise:-5.

    One day Gautama Buddha saw an old man bent with age and another day he saw a dead body. He asked his servant about this. The servant told him that everybody should grow old and die one day. Buddha became very sad to know this. He thought what is the use of human life. After a period of time, he became dissatisfied with his happy life in the Royal palace. Finally when he was 19 years old, he decided to go out of his home. One night he left his royal palace when everybody was asleep. He wondered into the forest and decided to stay there and find out the truth about human life. 

Answer:

    Death is common to all. In any stage or at any time man may die. Hearing this Lord Buddha became very sad. He felt dissatisfied at his comfortable life in the royal palace. Finally in quest of the reality of human life he left the palace and wondered into the forest in search of the real truth of life. 

  

 

  

 

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MY IMPRESSION OF ASSAM :AHSEC; HORNBILL

MY IMPRESSION OF ASSAM :AHSEC; HORNBILL

   December 09, 2024       RSC

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 MY IMPRESSION OF ASSAM                    -       VERRIER ELWIN

About  this  Author:  

    Harry Verrier Holman Elwin was a man of British origin. He was born on 29 August  1902 in Dover. He was the son of Edmund Henry Elwin, a bishop by profession .Elwin was educated  at Dean Close School and Merton College, Oxford. There he received his B.A degree securing first class. Later on he obtained his M.A and D.Sc. degree as well.

    Elwin worked as the Vice-Principal of Wycliff Hall, Oxford and also a Lecturer at Merton College, Oxford. Later on in 1927 he came to India as a British Missionary.

    

    This British born Indian author, anthropologist and ethnologist was a tribal activist. In the beginning he was a clergyman. After coming to India he left this post and worked with Mahatma Gandhi and the Indian National Congress. He converted into Hinduism in 1935after staying in a Gandhian Ashram.

    Elwin was a reputed writer also. His early works are based on Baigas and Gonds of Orissa, Madhya Pradesh and Central India. He married a 13 year old tribal lady and also worked for various tribal communities. He  studied about various tribal communities of North East India and also NEFA (North East Frontier Agency)

TEXTUAL QUESTION ANSWERS:

1. Who was Varrier Elwin ? Where did he make his second home ?

Ans: Varrier Elwin was a noted British author and anthropologist. He spent of his life time in India. In fact, he made the North east his second home, married a tribal girl and even he died here in India.

2.What does show Elwin's deep concern for the people of North-East region ?

Ans:Varrier Elwin was an educator and missionary in India. He travelled North Eastern regions extensively. He is called the architect of NEFA. He studied tribal life and wrote a number of books. Hence his writings on the tribal people of north east shows his deep concern for the people of this region.

3.What is the full form of AIR ?

Ans:  All Indian Reporter.

4. From where has 'My Impression of Assam' been taken ?

Ans: The essay ' My Impression of Assam has been taken from the collected works of Satish Ch. Kakati. It was edited by Prof. Dilip Kumar.

5.How much time did Varrier Elwin spend in Assam ?

Ans: Varrier Elwin spent about twenty five years in India and about four months in Assam.

6.What are the things that the author love in Assam?

Ans: Varrier Elwin loved the scenic beauty of Assam. The lively natural scenery attracted him which he admired from the very core of his heart. Besides, he loved or liked the sense of hospitality, grace and the charm of it's people. The mutual understanding, brotherhood, and above all the author very much. unity among the people of this land attracted the author very much.

TEXTUAL QUESTION AND ANSWER:

1.What does Varrier Elwin say about the tradition of courtesy and hospitality in the modern world? What advice does he give to the people of Assam on this point ?

Answer: Varrier Elwin says that the people of Assam are friendly. They show courtesy and hospitality towartds foreigners which the author did not find in other countries. He says that it is undubitably a rare thing in the modern world of competition and rivalry. He hopes that the assamese people will never forget this.

2. What difference does Varrier Elwin draw between the game sanctuaries of Kenya and Kaziranga ?

Answer: Varrier Elwin says that in east Africa there is a tradition that everybody should co operate to make the sanctuaries a success. A lot of money is spent on them. No one would dream of poaching there. There in a brief drive of cars, people see hundred of giraffes, zebras, ostriches, wild elephants, and even lions wandering about near the roads in perfect confidence. 

                Whereas, in kaziranga game reserve the animals are never sure that they are safe; they do not appear so readily. The public, here, do not co operate as like as in East Africa.

3. What appeal does the author make to the scholars of Assam concerning the songs and poems of the state ? Why does he make this appeal ?

Answer: The author appeals to the scholars of Assam concerning the songs and poems of the state. He says that they should tale the trouble to record the old songs and poems of the state. These old songs are disappearing rapidly as the new generation veers away from the traditional ways. They rather prefer the jazz music. The author says that it is very necessary to preserve the heritage of the state. So he appeals to the people of Assam to preserve the traditional music, folk songs. tales and myths of the hilly people here.

4.Why, according to Varrier Elwin, should wood carving be taught and encouraged in our educational centres ?

Answer: According to Varrier Elwin we should encourage wood carving in our traditional centres. He says that the wood carvings of Manipur and angamis are extraordinarily vigorous and beautiful. We should not let it lost. The thankhuls of Manipur make splendid decorations on their house.So do the Maos and maroms. The konyaksadorn their morungs, the Angamis make magnificent village gates, the phoms and other tribes and experts decorate drinking mugs or make toys. This art is immensely beautiful and precious but with modernity much of this art  is disappearing. Thus the author fears that if not taught and encouraged at the educational centres, wood carving might become a thing of the past.

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APPLICATION WRITING

APPLICATION WRITING

   May 25, 2024       RSC

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Application writing is a day to day practice for the students fraternity and officials across the world. There are different types of application writing. For school students leave application, half holiday application, leave application for family occasions are very essential. They should know how to write leave application. 

However, in most of the cases we find that students make a number of mistakes in their application. 

Hence in this article an effort has been made to give them proper knowledge on this topic. The objective is that they should be able to write any kind of application correctly. 

SAMPLE LEAVE APPLICATIONS::

QUESTION 1: Write an application to the Principal of your School requesting him to grand you leave for one day so as to attend your brother's marriage. 

Answer::

To,   The Principal

        ABC School

         Sashkudi.. India

        Date: 10/10/2024

Through the class teacher. 

Subject: Prayer for leave on 11/10/2024

Sir, 

       With reference to the subject cited above I have the honour that I share not be able to attend my regular clases tomorrow on account of my cousin's marriage. I shall join from the  next date. 

       Therefore I request you to grant leave on behalf of me and oblige. 

        With regards.                           

                                          Faithfully yours

                                                Xyz

Question. 2: Write an application to your Head Master seeking leave for two days to attand your uncles marriage. 

Answer: 

    To. 

         The Head Master

         Excellent Academy High School

          Date: 10/10/2023

   Subject: Prayer for three days leave. 

   Sir, 

       with due respect and humble submission I hate the honor to state that Iam in need of three days leave to attend my uncle's marriage from 12/10/2023 to 15/10/2023 . 

       Therefore, I request you to be kind enough and grant me leave for the mentioned days. 

I shall remain grateful to you for youth act  of kindness. 

   Regards                                  faithfully yours

Q. 3. You have already availed  one day leave. Write an application to the Principal of your school praying for Grant of leave of absence. 

Answer:  

   To. 

          The Principal, ABCD School. 

           Delhi.. India

          Date: 15/5/24

    Subject: Prayer for grant of leave of absence. 

Respected Sir, 

          With reference to the  subject cited above I have the honor to state that I could not attend school yesterday due to my stomach ache. 

         Therefore, I request to grant me leave of absence and oblige. I shall remain grateful to you for  your act of kindness. 

  With regards. 

                                      Faithfully yours

OFFICIAL APPLICATIONS...... 

Q. 4.Write an application to the Manager, SBI  ABC branch for  getting a new Check book. 

Answer: 

    To. 

       The Manager  SBI, ABC branch

        Guwahati, Assam

                         Date: 15/5/24

     Sir, 

           With reference to the subject cited above I have the honour to state that I have been a regular customer of your bank for a long time. However, the pages of my previous check book have been exhaur. So I am in need of a new check book as soor as possible. 

           Therefore I request you to do the needful and issue me a new checkbook and oblige. 

   With regards. 

                                                Faithfully yours. 

                   

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ENGLISH COMMUNICATION

ENGLISH COMMUNICATION

   April 20, 2024       RSC

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CHAPTER :1:        COMMUNICATION & ITS TYPES.

 

The word 'communication means speaking, listening, reading and expressing ability  and thereby understanding verbal and non verbal expressions. Since English is a foreign language for the Indian people, it is taught in India as a second language.

    Hence English communication refers to the process that involves sending and receiving messages in English language through the verbal and non verbal methods.

    It is said that communication is a two way means of communicating information and data in the form of thought and views between two or many individuals with a view to understanding the matter.

    Generally communication may be of the following types:

1. Verbal

2. Non-verbal

3. Written

4. Visual.

1.     VERBAL COMMUNICATION:

        Verbal communication is a type of communication where usually spoken words are used to deliver the message .Here, only words are used to express oneself, his or her feelings, thoughts etc. In this process the words and sounds that come out of our mouths includes tone of voice. sighs or groans etc.

        However, in case of verbal communication the following points are to be considered:

a) Think before one speaks

b)Concise and distinct delivery.

c) Confidence and no arrogance

d)Better tone quality

e) Careful listening

f) Consider and understand the listeners attitude

g) Avoid lengthy speech and confusing terms

h)Be to the point and specific

i) Co-ordination between you and the audience

j)Follow the principle of completeness.

  2. NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION:

        Non verbal communication is all about transmission of message or signals through non verbal platforms. Such platforms may be eye contact, body language social distance, touch physical appearance, code or sign language etc.

    There are four types of non verbal communication. They are-

1. Gestures

2. Facial expressions

3. Loudness or tone of voice.

4.Body language.

5. Personal space.

6.Gaze of eye.

7. Appearance.

8.Showing objects or images.

SUMMMARY OF THE CHAPTER

It has been found that communication is very essential for both a person and an organization. Without proper communication either personal or organizational no effective outcome is found. Particularly human relation or public relation is impossible without proper communication. In individual life also exact communication helps us a lot.

    PROBABLE QUESTIONS:

1. What is communication?

2.Write about types of communication

3.What is Verbal communication?

4. What is non verbal communication?

CHAPTER:2.: OBJECTIVE OF COMMUNICATION.

Objectives of communication helps us in getting our goals realized. Both in case of individuals and organizational cases it helps us greatly.

Such objectives are the reasons that leads an individual to come closer to one another. It helps to interact with others. Objectives are to take under consideration before a relation. The relation may be conversational or written or any campaign. So creating communication objectives before communication can help the business or personal relation.

 TYPES OF COMMUNICATION OBJECTIVES:

1. Motivation to the audience.

2. Knowledge sharing.

3.Persuation.

4.Entertainmnt to the audience.

5.Demand generating.

6.Campaign for brand.

7.Increase of interest.

 The basic objectives of communication are as follows:

1) Information

2).Suggestion

3) Motivation

4) Warning.

5) Education.

6) Advice

7) Order

8) Persuasion

9) Negotiation.

    Overall, in this chapter it is found that communication is a vital element required for an individual for efficient work and activities. However, the main objective of communication is to transit the message with meaning and understanding.  This may be in the form of  the above mentioned basic objectives. One of the objective of communication is enquiring, supplying and receiving information through spoken or written words, symbols and signals.

    ADVICE is the personal opinion about what to do and when to do. Similarly, SUGGESTIONS are the proposals of the juniors to the higher authority indicating change and reshuffle etc. Again an ORDER  is the direction of the Higher authority to the subordinates. MOTIVATION, an another objective of communication. It is to be used to motivate the employees for better and target oriented performance. PERSUASION is also an influencing tips to enable one to change in attitude, beliefs, feelings and thoughts. WARNING is the act of threatening to a person for his unpleasant, unfavorable and unauthorized  work. NEGOTIATION  is a kind of bonding between two person or organization for a win-win situation. Negotiation also helps in settling of any disputes 

PROBABLE QUESTIONS

  1. What are the basic requirements of communication?

2. What is order,  Persuasion, suggestion and warning?

3. Why is motivation helpful?

4. How does advice help in communication?

5. What is negotiation ?

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MESSAGE WRITING

MESSAGE WRITING

   April 20, 2024       RSC

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A message is a brief piece of writing which is based on information received over phone, verbally, face to face conversation etc. It may be both formal or informal. 

Message writing is brief in size. The word message should be written in Bold. Relevant information should be written clearly in the message..

The following rules should be remembered while writing message. 

1. Make a box - small in size. 

2. Give heading at the top. 

3.write date, time & name of writer - left hand side. 

4. Write message in indirect speech. 

5. Length should not exceed 50/60 words. 

6. At the end signature of the writer- left. 

Exercise solved:

1) Question:   Prepare a message on the basis of the following information/conversation.

A: Hello! can I speak to Mr. Das? 

B: Hi! I am Rahul, elder son of Mr. Das. My father has gone for morning walk. 

A: Okey,  I am Mr. Rajesh, his colleague,.inform him that I have an urgent assignment with him. 

Answer:  

                              ... MESSAGE

10 April

6am

Father, 

          Your colleague Mr. Rajesh rang you up while you went out for morning walk. He wants to talk to you in connection to an urgent assignment. 

Rahul. 

2. Prepare a message on the basis of the following information.

Anil: Hello ! can I talk to Mr. Rakesh ?

Receptionist: Hi ! Rakesh Sir is not in office, how can I help you Sir?

Anil: Please inform Rakesh that he has to attend a meeting at 4pm this evening. It is urgent.

Receptionist: Okey Sir, thank you , I shall inform him.

Answer: 

                                                    MESSAGE

5 August

2pm

Rakesh Sir,

                    Your friend Anil Sir wants you to attend a meeting at 4 pm today. He added that it is a very urgent meeting for you. 

Receptionist.

EXERCISE FOR PRACTICE.

1. Kartik: Hello ! May I speak to Suraj ? This is Raju

Vibek: Hello brother, how are you, Dad is not at home

Kartik: I am fine, thank you, where is your father ?

Vivek: He went to Delhi yesterday , how I can help you.

KartiK: Please inform him that I can not give his file back within a week. 

Vivek : ok thank you, I shall inform him.

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